* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Module 22 psych
Schizoaffective disorder wikipedia , lookup
Emil Kraepelin wikipedia , lookup
Impulsivity wikipedia , lookup
Conduct disorder wikipedia , lookup
Panic disorder wikipedia , lookup
Claustrophobia wikipedia , lookup
Anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Memory disorder wikipedia , lookup
Personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Autism spectrum wikipedia , lookup
Social anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Eating disorders and memory wikipedia , lookup
Munchausen by Internet wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of psychiatry wikipedia , lookup
Antisocial personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Eating disorder wikipedia , lookup
Generalized anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Separation anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Spectrum disorder wikipedia , lookup
Dissociative identity disorder wikipedia , lookup
Mental disorder wikipedia , lookup
Child psychopathology wikipedia , lookup
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders wikipedia , lookup
Pyotr Gannushkin wikipedia , lookup
Causes of mental disorders wikipedia , lookup
Mental Disorders Causes of Abnormal Behaviors Throughout the Centuries Causes of Mental Disorders 1. 2. 3. Demons or devils- being possessed Witches controlled your mind Problems that existed in the brain Medical Model Approach Mental disorders involve genetic, physiological, or neurological factors that cause systems that can be diagnosed and treated 1. Advantages Emphasizes the role of the nervous system, genetic make-up, & chemical factors in mental disorders 2. Disadvantages Genetic or neurological factors cannot always be identified Drugs do not always work Cognitive –Behavioral Approach Mental disorders result from deficits in Cognitive processes Thoughts and beliefs Faulty beliefs, attitudes, and thoughts can result in serious mental behavioral problems Behavioral problems Deficits in skills and abilities Inappropriate behavior may lead to problems Behavior therapy can be as effective as antidepressants Psychoanalytic Approach (Freud) Focuses on unconscious or repressed conflicts underlying mental disorders Treatment deals with the therapists helping the patient identify and resolve his/her unconscious conflicts The black couch and the therapists sitting there taking notes? Today’s Approach Combinations of: Neurological Poor Upbringing Antisocial Personality Defining Abnormal Behavior Statistical Frequency Behavior is considered abnormal if it occurs rarely or infrequently in relation to the behavior of the general public. Living in a sewer Gender change Getting a Ph.D. Being President of the United States of America What is Abnormal here at Riverside? Defining Abnormal Behavior Deviation from Social Norms Social Norms Approach Behavior is considered abnormal if it deviates greatly from accepted social standards, values, or norms. Men wearing earrings Female body beauty Tattoos What are some other acceptable social norms for your generation? Defining Abnormal Behavior Maladaptive Behavior Behavior that is psychologically damaging or abnormal if it interferes with the individuals ability to function in one’s personal life or society Does it hurt you or the people around you? Mental health professionals use the definition most often: Whether the particular pattern interferes with a person’s ability to function normally Assessing Mental Disorders Definition of Assessment Clinical Assessment Systematic evaluation of an individual’s various Psychological, biological, and social factors As well as identifying past and present problems, stressors, and other cognitive or behavioral symptoms. Assessing Mental Disorders Definition of Assessment Neurological tests Reflex test MRI Scan FMRI Scan Check for brain damage or malfunction Tumors or disease “Which mental disorder should we treat?” Definition of Assessment Clinical Interview Gather info about a person’s past or current: Structured Behavior Attitudes Emotions Problems Follow a standard format of asking a similar set of questions Unstructured No set questions (Rorschach Test) Diagnosing Mental Disorders Clinical Diagnosis Process of matching an individual’s specific symptoms to those that define a particular mental disorder. DSM-4-TR (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th-Text Revision Uniform system for assessing specific symptoms and matching them to 297 disorders DSM-4-TR (2000) 1. 2. 3. 1952- 100 disorders 1968- 182 disorders 1980- 265 disorders Established criteria & symptoms for mental disorders based on research findings Has 5 major dimensions (axes) which serve as guidelines about symptoms Axis I- 9 major clinical syndromes Axis I 9 Major Clinical Syndromes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence Organic mental disorders Substance-related disorders Schizophrenia & other psychotic disorders Mood disorders Anxiety disorders Somatoform disorders Dissociative disorders Sexual & gender identity disorders Axis II- Personality Disorders Longstanding, maladaptive, and inflexible traits Impairment of functioning or distress Example: antisocial personality disorder Form a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others borderline personality disorder DSM-4-TR (2000) Axis III General medical conditions Diabetes Arthritis Hemophilia Axis IV Psychosocial & environmental problems experiencing a traumatic event Inadequate social support Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale Axis V- Scoring the DSM-4-TR Scores range from 10 (severe danger of hurting self) to 100 (superior functioning in all activities) 3 Advantages of DSM-IV-TR Helps professionals communicate Researchers use the classification system to study & explain mental disorders Therapists use the classification system to design a treatment program that best fits their client’s needs 3 Potential Problems with the DSM-IV-TR Labeling Labels place people into categories May have positive or negative associations “Mentally retarded”, “schizo” Mental health professionals do not always agree as to whether a client fits a particular diagnosis Steps in Making a Clinical Diagnosis Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Phobias Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Characterized by excessive or unrealistic worry about almost everything or feeling that something bad is about to happen Anxious feelings occur on most days for at least 6 months Treatment Benzodiazepines Psychotherapy Panic Disorder Characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks Symptoms include: pounding heart Sweating Trembling Shortness of breath Feelings of choking Chest pain Nausea Dizziness Fear or losing control/dying Panic Disorder Intense worrying interferes with normal psychological functioning Treatment Benzodiazepines Antidepressants Psychotherapy Phobias Characterized by an intense & irrational fear that is out of all proportion to the possible danger of the object or situation Fear is accompanied by physiological arousal Person goes to great lengths to avoid the feared event/object Treating Phobias Social Phobia Characterized by irrational, marked & continuous fear of performing in social situations Individuals fear they will humiliate or embarrass themselves Specific Phobias Marked & persistent fears that are unreasonable & triggered by anticipation of, or exposure to, a specific object or situation Agoraphobia anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing Treating Phobias Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Changing negative or distorted beliefs by substituting positive, healthy, realistic beliefs Changing limiting or disruptive behaviors by learning and practicing new skills to improve function Exposure Therapy Gradually exposing the person to real, anxiety producing situations or objects Drug Treatment Benzodiazepines Antidepressants