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Chemical Substitutes This list suggests chemical substitutes for commonly used chemicals to promote a safer work environment. Consider using the safer substitute if it works in your process: Original Material Substitute Comments Acetamide Stearic acid In phase change and freezing point depression. Benzene Alcohol and acetonitrile No comment. Benzoyl peroxide Lauryl peroxide When used as a polymer catalyst. Butyl or petroleum- Super Brute Orange (Applied containing Research, Inc.) cleaners Non-caustic, non-butyl cleaner/degreaser. Water soluble, emulsifies tough grease, soil, sludge, ink, etc. For use on floors, machinery, etc., and is free rinsing. Carbon Tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride Chloroform Cyclohexane In test for halide ions. Isopropyl alcohol Less toxic, better for environment. Chromic acid Dichloromethane Kits also available for purification/isolation of DNA without organic solvents (Promega Corp, Stratagene). StrataClean resin for concentration of proteins. Potassium hydroxide, sonic baths, Last resorts include: KOH/ethanol bath, acid bath or NoChromix. or detergents (Alconox, PCC-54, PCC-54 is good for cleaning pipettes and other lab equipment Pierce BBS 35 or similar detergent). with hard-to-clean crevices and decontamination. Chlorinated High BTU non-chlorinated solvents. In vapor degreasing processes. solvents (low BTU) ChlorineDecontam (Electronic Space containing solvents Products International ESPI) Non-toxic, non-flammable, removes oils and greases, tars, dried blood, distillation residues from most metals, plastics, glassware, quartz or fabric. Ethidium Bromide SYBR Safe, GelRed (in water only), Less mutagenic, less toxic, not a hazardous waste. Detection Gel Freen, DNA stain gel sensitivity comparable. (Invitrogen Corporation, Phenix Research) Ethyl ether Methyl t-butyl ether Avoid forming explosive peroxides. Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Peracetic acid "Formalternate" (Flinn Scientific), or ethanol (ethyl alcohol) In cleaning of kidney dialysis machines. For storage of biological specimens. Formalin Fluorinert see Formaldehyde No comment. Non-volatile, reusable pressurizing No comment. fluid Halogenated solvents Non-halogenated solvents or non- In parts washers or other solvent processes. flammable biodegradable cleaners Mercuric chloride Solutions such as 5-10% methylene Biocide use. chloride, 1% formalin, 1N hydrochloric acid, or sodium hypochlorite Mercuric chloride Eliminate catalyst and let reaction Reaction catalyst. run longer. Mercury-free catalysts such as CuSO4, Ti02, or K2SO4 can be used in Kjedahl digests instead of mixtures containing mercury metals or salts. Mercury thermometers Mercury manometers Phosphatecontaining detergent Phenol/chloroform extractions, acetone precipitation Protein gel stains Scintillation cocktails (traditional with solvents) Sodium dichromate S-35 Sulfide ion Sulfuric/chromic acids Toluene Wood's metal Red alcohol or mineral spirit thermometers Pressure transducers, electronic pressure gauges or oil-based manometers RBS-35 detergent concentrate If mercury thermometers must be used, those with Teflon coatings should be considered. No comment. Permits long soaking and rinses free of residues, and can decontaminate radioactivity, similar to PCC-54. Stratagene, or kits also available Non-toxic, non-flammable. Designed for extraction of restriction from Agilent Genomics or Promega endonucleases. Concentrate proteins. Corporation ProtoBlue Safe (National Diagnostics) Biodegradable and safer cocktails No comment. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) No comment. P-33 Beta emission, half-life of 25 days, Emax 0.25 MeV, specific activity of 3000 Ci/mmol. Compatible with the latest protocols for DNA Cycle Sequencing. No volatile components to contaminate work areas. Can reduce times for autoradiography with no effect on band resolution. Hydroxide ion Specialty detergents In analysis of heavy metals. No comment. Simple alcohols and ketones Onion's Fusible alloy No comment. No comment. No comment. Xylene Histo-Clear (National Diagnostics) or limonene-based extract For histology uses.