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Behavioral Views of Learning
Woolfolk, A. (2006). Educational psychology (11th Ed.). Allyn bacon
(Ch.6 p.198-206)
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Objectives
What is learning according to behavioral
psychology according to Skinner?
From a behavioral perspective how should
teaching be carried out?
What are your thoughts about Skinner’s
behaviorism? Do you agree or not?
What are some real life examples of Skinner’s oper
ant conditioning?
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Basic assumptions of behaviorism
Everything is learned
Non-mentality
The mechanisms of learning is the same for all
creatures including humans.
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Behavioral Theories of Education
Behaviorism
Classical
Conditioning/
Law of Effect
Operant
Conditioning
Pavlov (1849~1936)
Skinner (1904~1990)
http://www.fotopedia.com/items/soleils-S82idIc5wY0
http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950.jpg
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Early Explanations of Learning: Contiguity and Classical
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
 Stimulus  Response
 Learning of involuntary emotional or physiological
responses
 Humans and Animals can be trained to react
involuntarily
5
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
스크린
먹이접시
기록계
비이커
Pavlov
Learning is the result of the association of an
Conditional stimulus to an unconditional stimulus.
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Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
Before
conditi
oning
X
Sound of bell
(Neutral Stimulus)
Unconditioned
Saliva Response
(UCR)
Food
(Unconditioned S) UCS
During
Sound of bell
(Neutral Stimulus)
Repetition
Saliva
Food
(Unconditioned S) UCS
After
Sound of bell
(Conditioned Stimulus)
Saliva
CS
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Conditioned
Response(CR)
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Boite_skinner.jpg
8
Operant Conditioning: Trying New Responses
Learning by strengthening voluntary behaviors
 Antecedents
 Behavior (Operant)
 Consequences (Reinforcers)
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Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement always increases a desired
behavior
Punishment always decreases an undesired
behavior
Give
Take a
way
Positive
Negative
Positive Reinforce
ment
Punishment
Punishment
Negative
Reinforcement
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Operant Conditioning: Trying New Responses
Learning by strengthening voluntary behaviors
Positive Reinforcement
 Increases a behavior by adding a desired consequence
Negative Reinforcement
 Increases a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus
Punishment
 Presentation
 Removal
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Putting It All Together: Behavioral Approaches To Tea
ching And Management
Individualized instruction
Contingency Contracts
Token Reinforcements
 Important to be sure that teaching methods and
practices are accurate
12
Limitations
Can it explain complex human behavior?
Learning = Behavior?
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