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THE TURING TEST
Samuel Ash I Brahim El Boudani I Taher Khan I Simona Sopagaite
What Will be Covered
• What is the Turing Test?
• The Imitation Game
• The History of the Turing Test
• Imitation Game Example
• Weaknesses of the Test
• References
The Turing Test
The test is designed to look for intelligence in a computer, and requiring
that a human will not be able to tell the difference between man and
machine. by using the responses to questions that have been put to
both.
The Imitation Game
• Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T
uring_Test_version_3.png
The History of the Turing Test
• The Turing test was created in 1950 by Alan Turing.
• In 1966 ELIZA appeared to pass the test however, if a keyword was
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not entered, ELIZA would only reply with a generic response.
In 1972 PARRY was created and attempted to model the behaviour
of a paranoid schizophrenic.
in 1980 John Searle proposed that the Turing test cannot be used to
determine if a machine can think. this was published in Minds, Brains
and Programs.
The History Of the Turing Test
• In 1991 the Loebner prize was introduced.
• in 2000, 2001 and 2004 A.L.I.C.E. won the bronze award for the
•
Loebner prize, Which, demonstrated the most human and
conversational behaviour.
In 2014, a program called Eugene Goostman convinced 1 judge that
it was human.
The imitation test Example
Weaknesses of the test
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Human intelligence vs intelligence in general(Some human behaviour is
unintelligent)
Consciousness vs. the simulation of consciousness
Human misidentification
Naivety of interrogators
the anthropomorphic fallacy ( human emotion and pathetic fallacy)
REFERENCES
•
M.Naor,(1996).the verification of a human in the loop or identification via the turing
test,Weizmann Institute of Science,Israel.Available from
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/mathusers/naor/PAPERS/human.pdf .
[last accessed 03/03/2016 10:03]
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M.L. Mauldin,1994,(CHATTERBOTS, TINYMUDS, and the Turing Test Entering the
Loebner Prize Competition.The Twelfth National Conference on Artificial
Intelligence.Washington.http://www.aaai.org/Papers/AAAI/1994/AAAI94-003.pdf
[last accessed 03/03/2016]
•
R.French.2000.The Turing Test: the first 50 years,University of Liege,Belgium.
Available http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300014534
[last accessed 03/03/2016 10:03]
REFERENCES
•
M.Naor,(1996).the verification of a human in the loop or identification via the turing
test,Weizmann Institute of Science,Israel.Available from
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/mathusers/naor/PAPERS/human.pdf .
[last accessed 03/03/2016 10:03]
•
M.L. Mauldin,1994,(CHATTERBOTS, TINYMUDS, and the Turing Test Entering the
Loebner Prize Competition.The Twelfth National Conference on Artificial
Intelligence.Washington.http://www.aaai.org/Papers/AAAI/1994/AAAI94-003.pdf
[last accessed 03/03/2016]
•
R.French.2000.The Turing Test: the first 50 years,University of Liege,Belgium.
Available http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300014534
[last accessed 03/03/2016 10:03]
REFERENCES
•
D.Dowe et al.1997.A computational Extension to the Turing Test Available from :
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.133.4643&rep=rep1&type=pdf.[last
accessed 03/03/2016 10:03]
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J.Hutchens.How to Pass the Turing Test by Cheating Available from
http://www.csee.umbc.edu/courses/471/papers/hutchens.pdf.[last accessed 03/03/2016 10:03]
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R.Knauf,K.JAntke.T.Abel.I.Philippow.Fundamentals of a Turing Test Approach to Validatioin of AI
Systems.Available from:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.44.3376&rep=rep1&type=pdf.[last
accessed 03/03/2016 10:03]
REFERENCES
• [No Author]. (1999). The Turing Test. Available from:
http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/ai/turing.html [Accessed 25
February 2016].
• Slater-Robins, M. (2016). Microsoft is carrying out a massive social experiment in China —
and almost no one outside the country knows about it. [Online]Available from:
http://uk.businessinsider.com/microsoft-xiaoice-turing-test-in-china-2016-2 [Accessed 25
February 2016].
• Svetlik, J. (2016) From Kasparov versus Deep Blue to the Turing Test: Are computers
becoming too intelligent? [Online]. Available from: http://home.bt.com/techgadgets/computing/man-versus-machine-when-computers-triumphed-over-humans11364038999229 [Accessed 25 February 2016].
REFERENCES
•Turing, A.M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59, 433-460. [online]
Avalable from: http://loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html [accessed at 9:48 03/03/2016]
•Can automatic calculating machines be said to think?' n.d. TS of a broadcast discussion
transmitted on BBC Third Programme, 14 and 23 Jan. 1952, between M.H.A. Newman, AMT,
Sir Geoffrey Jefferson and R.B. Braithwaite. 2 TS, one with MS note by Mrs Turing, 'This
script is sent with the consent of the BBC', and the other with MS note, 'Please return to R.O.
Gandy'.
Paper, 61 sh. in envelope. [online] Available from:
http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/6
•No Author. Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence [online] Availble from:
http://www.sonyebooklibrary.com/article/WHEBN0002958015/Philosophy%20of%20artificial%
20inelligence
REFERENCES
•Jefferson, Geoffrey, Off-print, 'The mind of mechanical man', The Lister Oration delivered at
the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 9 June 1949 from the British Medical Journal,
(Vol. 1, 25 June, 1949)
•AYSE PINAR SAYGIN1, ILYAS CICEKLI2 & VAROL AKMAN2 Turing Test: 50 Years Later
[online] Available from: http://crl.ucsd.edu/~saygin/papers/MMTT.pdf
• A. M. Turing's ACE Report of 1946 and Other Papers, eds. B. E. Carpenter and R. W. Doran,
MIT Press (1986) The original copy is in the (British) National Archives, in the file DSIR
10/385.
The Turing Test , James H Moor, 2003
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-010-0105-2_2#page-1
The Essential Turing, B Copeland 2004
The Turing Test. 2003
http://stanford.library.usyd.edu.au/archives/spr2008/entries/turing-test/
The Turing Test for Computer Bots , 2008
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5247069&tag=1
Turing Test and believable AI in computer games
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1111303
Parsing the turing test: philosophical and methodological issues in the quest for the
thinking computer - 2009 , Robeert Epstein
Any Questions?
Samuel Ash I Brahim El Boudani I Taher Khan I Simona Sopagaite