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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
1. Blechschmidt’s concept concerning differentiation
2. Principles of the “Metabolic Field Concept”
3. Early Metabolic Fields
4. Late Metabolic Fields
JP. Höppner DO
Blechschmidts concept concerning differentiation
Blechschmidt versus …?
Question:
–
–
Why does the human body looks like this and not different?
Why does the human body functions properly in normal circumstances?
Possible answer:
Human ontogenesis:
Gestalt
Gestaltung
}
Morphology
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
Blechschmidts concept concerning differentiation
Blechschmidt versus …?
a) Human ontogenesis as an “Homunculus”
?
Concept
Science
Observation
differentiation
Looking for a definition
Blechschmidts concept concerning differentiation
Blechschmidt versus …?
b) Human ontogenesis as an “Expression of effectiveness”
It seems as if it
– happens with sense regarding the future performances
– possesses a direction with which a certain plan completes itself
– as a process it is comparable to certain goal-directed movements
In order that
Functional anatomy
But:
• Later achievements are induced by grow functions
• Embryonic achievements are on regular basis precursors for future functions
Blechschmidt: « What are achievements, what are functions? »
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
Blechschmidts concept concerning differentiation
Blechschmidt versus …?
c) Human ontogenesis and the “Biogenetic Basic Law”
1859 Ernst Haeckel, Biogenetic Basic Law
?
« What changes during development is its Erscheinungsbild, not its Wesen »
« Blechschmidt: “What are the laws of differentiation? »
Blechschmidts concept concerning differentiation
Blechschmidt versus …?
d) Human ontogenesis and the concept of “Induction”
WILHELM ROUX (1850-1924)
Developmental Physiology
Analysing development with experiments
SPEMANN (1869-1941)
Independent Differentiation
IN LATE STAGES
Dependent Differentiation
IN EARLY STAGES
« Blechschmidt: “Organisor: Inductor ? »
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
Blechschmidts concept concerning differentiation
Blechschmidt versus …?
e) Human ontogenesis and “Genetic expression” (Nature 171, April 25, 1953)
DNA = GENE
Differentiation is not the substance
but much more the way of its
transcription
Relation between chemistry of the
gene and the körperliche Gestaltung
?
« Watson & Crick ↔ Blechschmidt: “Extra-genetic Substance »
« Inside-Outside Differentiation ↔ Outside-Inside-Differentiation! »
Blechschmidts concept concerning differentiation
Blechschmidt versus …?
f) Human ontogenesis and “Biodynamic Metabolic Fields”
Gestalt & Gestaltung
Relation?
Follow spatial changes
during certain time sequences
as developmental movements
POSITION
CHANGES OF FORM
STRUCTURE
macroscopically
microscopically
Biodynamic Metabolic Fields
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
Principles of the “Metabolic Field Concept”
A Metabolic Field
Definition
« A metabolic field is a momentary aspect of spatially
ordered (sub microscopic) metabolic movements »
« Movement = changes of Form – Position – Structure »
« Every cell represents a metabolic field »
A metabolic field implies:
• Cell limiting membrane = Human embryology
Environment & cell interact on this level
• Chemical reactions
• Physical changes
• Cytoplasm = Molecular biology
• Nucleus = Genetics
Principles of the “Metabolic Field Concept”
A Metabolic Field
Components
« Position – Form – Structure »
Tissue
Limiting
Ectoderm
Neuronal
Inner
Endoderm
Epithelium
Mesoderm
Epithelium
Muscular
Connective
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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
Principles of the “Metabolic Field Concept”
Internal Reorganization
Different Expressions of Metabolic Fields
Entocyst disc = 0,42 mm
Cleavage
Dimensional jump
Internal reorganization
Metabolism
« Every cell represents a metabolic field »
« Every cell should be thought as
a momentary aspect of spatially ordered (sub microscopic) metabolic movements »
Principles of the “Metabolic Field Concept”
Differences in Speed of Growth
Result: First Major Organ Differentiations
Entocyst disc = 0,42 mm
BETWEEN TWO LAYERS (Example)
Entocyst disc
• 2 layers of limiting tissue
→ enlargement of intercellular space
= development of inner tissue space
Inner tissue develops when surfaces of two adjacent limiting
tissues grow at different rates!
WITHIN ONE LAYER (Example)
The entocyst disc consists of different parts:
• A broad cranial portion = Expansion dome
• A narrow caudal portion = Impansion pit
Entocyst disc = 1,6 mm
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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
Principles of the “Metabolic Field Concept”
Differences in Speed of Growth
The Restraining Apparatus
Fast
Entocyst disc = 0,42 mm
Slow
Entocyst disc = 1,6 mm
Ludwig = 1,8 - 2 mm
Expansion growth
→ different rates of velocity
• Faster growing region
• Slower growing region
= restraining apparatus → pattern!
Inner tissue becomes an important restraining apparatus for specific organ development
→ Growth patterns
Early Metabolic Fields
First Growth Patterns
« …The first differentiations are particularly important because they are the
beginning of all the following differentiations. … »
Late Metabolic Fields
Early Metabolic Fields
…
Corner = 2,6 mm
Payne = 2,2 mm
Complexity and dimensions
etc. etc. etc. …………………
Ludwig = 1,8 mm
Disc = 0,42 mm
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
Early Metabolic Fields
First Growth Patterns
Differences in Speed of Growth
3th week of development:
Axial process (Chorda dorsalis) arises
– Not an isolated structure BUT part of a tissue arrangement
– Continuation AND beginning of further developmental stages
Appearance of organs and regions
Head region
Neck region
Trunk region
Early Metabolic Fields
First Growth Patterns
Differences in Speed of Growth
Axial process causes first orientation with lateral structures:
– Neural groove
– Dorsal bulges
Process is basis for development of complete nervous system
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Concept of Ontogenetic Metabolic Fields
Early Metabolic Fields
First Growth Patterns
Differences in Speed of Growth
Appearance of Internal Reorganization
Late Metabolic Fields
Differentiation in Continuous Complexity
General overview
•Corrosion field
Membrana cloacalis
Aorta, A.spinalis anterior
•Contusion field
Cartilago (young)
•Distusion field
Cartilago (old)
•Densation field
Os (distales)
•Parathelial loosening field
Glandula
Hepar, Pulmones
•Retension field
Dura mater
Arteria, vena
•Dilation field
Musculus
•Detraction field
Desmocranium
Enchondral (secondary)
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
One plus One is Three
- The Skull is more than Head and Face 1. The Complexity of Growth Patterns Unfolded
2. The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
3. The Pattern of Descensus
4. About Continuity
JP. Höppner DO
The Complexity of Growth Patterns Unfolded
First Growth Patterns
« …The first differentiations are particularly important because they are the
beginning of all the following differentiations. … »
Early Metabolic Fields
Late Metabolic Fields
Ascensus
…
Corner = 2,6 mm
Payne = 2,2 mm
Complexity and dimensions
etc. etc. etc. …………………
Descensus
Ludwig = 1,8 mm
Disc = 0,42 mm
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
The Complexity of Growth Patterns Unfolded
First Growth Patterns
Differences in Speed of Growth
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Frontier Tissue
1. Growth patterns inherent to frontier tissue features
longitudinal
transversal
« Prism-shaped cells tend to longitudinal growth »
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Frontier Tissue
2. Growth patterns due to inner tissue influences
Embryo 10 mm
The vascular structures are important restraining apparatuses
giving the expansion growth specific developmental directions.
Biodynamic metabolic fields (developmental movements) on a macroscopically scale
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Frontier Tissue
3. Growth patterns: Systemic, local & regional
Encephalon
Ludwig = 1,8 - 2 mm
Embryo ca. 3 - 7 - 8 mm
Medulla
spinalis
19 mm
« … each body part that can be isolated by dissection, contributes to the formation of
the whole organism. … »
« …The first differentiations are particularly important
because they are the beginning of all the following differentiations. … »
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Inner Tissue
The paradox: motor & restriction
Chronology of inner tissue development
Intercellular space ↕
Intercellular space ↕
Intercellular space ↕
Cleavage & Differentiation
Cleavage & Differentiation
Cleavage & Differentiation
→ Inner tissue development
→ Inner tissue development
Trajectories
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Inner Tissue
First Signs of Inner Tissue Derives
Widening of inner tissue space
→ increase of fluid within inner tissue
→ dense inner tissue on lateral side:
• Unsegmented material
Repeating principles of early metabolic fields
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Inner Tissue
New metabolic fields – New derives
Growth of neural tube influences inner tissue
• Contusion field
• Distusion field
• Retension field
→ development of sclerotome
→ development of pachymeninx
→ development of dermomyotome
In caudal and cranial region
same pattern!
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Inner Tissue
Increasing complexity
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Inner Tissue
Dura girdles and their transparency
The imprint within the bony structures
Embryo ca. 14,5 - 40 mm
The Pattern of Ascensus (Cerebralization)
Development of the Inner Tissue
Dura girdles and their transparency
The imprint within the muscular structures
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
The Pattern of Descensus
The Cerebralization Process - ?!
Growth patterns due to brain development
Upper part
of face
}
Embryo 10 mm
Brain
Heart
Lower part
Liver (sinus!)
Septum Transversum
of face
= Functional unity
The Pattern of Descensus
The Upper Region of the Face
Facial growth patterns due to brain development
Dura girdles and their transparency
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
The Pattern of Descensus
The Upper Region of the Face
Lig.interorbitale
Grotwh
The Pattern of Descensus
The Lower Region of the Face
Facial growth patterns due to gut development
Embryo 10 mm
Brain
Heart
Lower part
Liver (sinus!)
Septum Transversum
of face
= Functional unity
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
The Pattern of Descensus
The Pattern of Descensus
The Lower Region of the Face
The Transition Zone of the Face
Facial growth patterns due to gut development
Ascensus meets Descensus
About Continuity
About Continuity
Pattern and Form
Pattern and Form
Continuity in texture and dimension
Blood vessels
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
About Continuity
About Continuity
Pattern and Form
Pattern and Form
Muscle, Fascia and Ligament
Organs: Let’s talk about glands
JP. Höppner D.O.
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The Skull is more than Head and Face
About Continuity
Pattern and Form
Continuity in texture and dimension
About Continuity
Pattern and Form
Blood vessels
JP. Höppner D.O.
1
The Skull is more than Head and Face
About Continuity
Pattern and Form
Muscle, Fascia and Ligament
About Continuity
Pattern and Form
Organs: Let’s talk about glands
JP. Höppner D.O.
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