Download Skills Worksheet

Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Test Prep Pretest
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 1. Large cells are difficult to maintain. How do cells overcome this
problem?
a. They double their DNA.
c. They take in more nutrients.
b. They coil DNA around proteins. d. They undergo cell division.
_____ 2. How do chromosomes of eukaryotes compare with chromosomes of
prokaryotes?
a. Eukaryotes have a single chromosome, whereas prokaryotes have a
number of chromosomes.
b. Eukaryotes have chromosomes in the form of a ring, whereas
prokaryotes have condensed chromatin in their chromosomes.
c. Eukaryotes have chromosomes made of DNA and proteins in a
condensed form, whereas prokaryotes have a twisted loop of DNA.
d. Both (a) and (b)
_____ 3. DNA is coiled in chromosomes so it can
a. be packed into a small space.
b. wind around the essential proteins.
c. can code for RNA and proteins.
d. form a centrosome.
_____ 4. What do all cells need to do before they begin to divide?
a. form a daughter cell
c. uncoil their DNA
b. form a cell plate
d. copy their DNA
_____ 5. In which order do the four stages of mitosis occur?
a. anaphase, interphase, prophase, and telophase
b. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, and telophase
c. interphase, prophase, anaphase, and telophase
d. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
_____ 6. During which phase of mitosis do chromatids line up along the equator
of the dividing cell?
a. anaphase
c. interphase
b. metaphase
d. prophase
_____ 7. Which of these structures is found only in a dividing animal cell and
not in any other type of dividing cell?
a. centrioles
c. a spindle
b. centrosomes
d. sister chromatids
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
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Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Test Prep Pretest continued
_____ 8. How does cytokinesis in animal cells differ from cytokinesis in plant
cells?
a. In animal cells, the loop of DNA attaches to the cell membrane,
whereas in plant cells it does not.
b. In animal cells, the formation of the cell membrane involves
vesicles, whereas in plant cells it does not.
c. In animal cells, protein threads pinch the dividing cell in half,
whereas in plant cells a cell plate forms down the middle of the
dividing cell.
d. Both (a) and (b)
_____ 9. What slows the rapid cell division of cells healing a cut in the skin?
a. the need to copy DNA
b. the need to renew the tissues
c. contact with other skin cells
d. contact with vesicles in the middle of the cell
_____ 10. How does a cell ensure that no mistakes occur in the DNA when the
cell is dividing?
a. Environmental signals influence the cell cycle.
b. Protein signals from nearby cells affect a dividing cell.
c. There is a checkpoint during mitosis.
d. There is a checkpoint before mitosis begins.
Complete each statement by writing the correct term in the space provided.
18. A(n) ______________________ is a segment of DNA that codes for RNA and
protein.
19. The material that makes up chromosomes in eukaryotic cells and which is
formed of DNA and protein is called ______________________.
22. Sister chromatids attach to each other in the region called the
______________________.
23. ______________________ is a group of diseases caused by uncontrolled cell
growth.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
23
Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Questions 24–31 refer to the sequence below.
24. The sequence above represents the ____________________
______________________.
25. The S in the sequence represents the phase in which ___________________
occurs.
26. Phases G1, S, and G2 in the sequence above are collectively called
______________________.
27. During ______________________, a cell nucleus divides into two separate
nuclei.
_______________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
24
Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Test Prep Pretest
Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space
provided.
1. Asexual reproduction limits ______________________ diversity.
2. Spermatogenesis produces ______________________ sperm cells.
4. In the haploid life cycle, gametes are produced by ___________, and the
zygote is produced by ______________________.
5. When corresponding portions of chromatids on two homologous chromosomes
change places, ______________________-______________________ has
occurred.
6. Only one ovum is produced by ______________________.
7. In plants that have alternation of generations, the haploid
______________________ produces the gametes.
8. Increased genetic variation often helps organisms withstand changes in the
______________________.
9. Meiosis in plants often produces ______________________, haploid cells that
later lead to the production of gametes.
10. Crossing-over and _________________ __________________ produce
genetic diversity.
11. The 22 pairs of chromosomes in human somatic cells that are the same in
males and females are called ______________________.
12. The human chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex are called the
______________________ ______________________.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
25
Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Test Prep Pretest continued
Questions 11–14 refer to the figure below.
13. The process shown above is called ______________________.
14. In the process shown above, label A refers to ______________________.
15. In the process shown above, label B refers to ______________________ and
______________________.
16. In the process shown above, label C refers to ______________________.
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
19. What is the difference between anaphase I and anaphase II? Why is the
difference significant?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
21. Describe the advantages of sexual reproduction.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
26
Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Test Prep Pretest
1. d
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
31.
32.
33.
16. 7; strand of fully condensed DNA ready
c
for cell division
a
17. 4; structural unit of chromatin made up of
d
DNA wrapped around a histone core
d
18. gene
b
19. chromatin
a
20. centrosome
c
21. spindle
c
22. centromere
d
23. Cancer
3; group of eight histones that form a disc
24. cell cycle
that DNA wraps around
25. DNA synthesis (or DNA replication or
1; nucleic acid that contains the genetic code
DNA copying)
6; loops formed of nucleosome cords that
26. interphase
are attached to a protein scaffold
27. mitosis
5; string of nucleosomes coiled to form a
28. cytokinesis
cord 30 nm in diameter
29. M, C
2; protein molecule found in the
30. G1, S
chromosomes of eukaryotic cells
Each cell enters the G1 phase of interphase, during which it grows rapidly and builds more
organelles.
Cell size is limited by two things: (1) the ability of the cell to exchange substances with the
environment and to get substances to where they are needed within the cell and (2) the ability of
the cell to copy the DNA instructions to make proteins in a timely fashion.
A tumor is a mass of defective cells that have an uncontrolled cell cycle. A benign tumor does not
spread to other parts of the body. Benign tumors are usually easy to remove. Cells in malignant
tumors invade and destroy nearby healthy tissues and organs; they can also break loose and spread
to other parts of the body.
Test Prep Pretest
1.
genetic
10. independent assortment or random
2. four
fertilization
3. budding, binary fission
11. autosomes
4. mitosis, fusion
12. sex chromosomes
5. crossing-over
13. meiosis
6. oogenesis
14. prophase I
7. gametophyte
15. anaphase I
8. environment
16. metaphase II
9. spores
17. The formation of male and female gametes involves meiosis. In spermatogenesis, meiosis produces four
sperm cells. In oogenesis, however, the cytoplasm divides unequally and meiosis produces three polar bodies
that do not survive and one egg cell.
18. In binary fission, the parent divides into two or more individuals of the same size. In fragmentation, the
parent’s body breaks into several pieces that grow into complete individuals. In budding, new individuals
split off from existing ones. In parthenogenesis, females lay unfertilized eggs that develop into offspring.
19. In anaphase I, the two chromatids of each chromosome remain attached at their centromeres as the
homologous pairs move to the poles of the cell. In anaphase II, the centromeres divide and the chromatids
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
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Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
move to opposite poles of the cell. If the centromeres did not divide and split the paired chromosomes during
anaphase II, the new cells would not be haploid.
20. In the haploid life cycle, haploid cells develop into haploid multicellular individuals that produce gametes
through mitosis. A diploid zygote forms through fusion of gametes, undergoes meiosis immediately, and
creates new haploid cells. In the diploid life cycle, haploid gametes are produced through meiosis, and they
create a diploid zygote through fertilization. The individual that results from the zygote remains diploid and
occupies most of the diploid life cycle.
21. An advantage of sexual reproduction is that it provides a powerful means of quickly making
different combinations of genes among individuals. This genetic diversity may increase the ability
of a species to adapt and succeed.
22. A frog somatic cell is diploid and therefore has twice the number of chromosomes of the haploid
frog egg cell.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology
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Cell Growth and Division