Download Iowa Wing Bloodborne Pathogens

Iowa Wing
Bloodborne Pathogens
and
Other Diseases of Concern
Created by:
Casey L. C. Schroeder, MLS
Captain, CAP
Health Services Officer
Outline
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Universal Precautions
OSHA Regulations
CAP Regulations
Disease Transmission
Prevention of Transmission
Diseases of Concern
Questions
Universal Precautions
• Infection control
procedures to protect
members from
infectious agents
• Involve the use of
protective barriers:
– Gloves
– Masks
– Personal hygiene (hand
washing)
Universal Precautions
• Require that all human blood be considered
infectious
• Require other body substances be considered
infectious
• Consists of both:
– Bloodborne pathogens
– Body substance isolation
Universal Precautions
• Must follow UP and safe practices each time
you provide care or are near crash sites
• Precautions include:
– Personal Hygiene
– Personal Protective Equipment
– Engineering and work practices
– Equipment cleaning and disinfecting
OSHA Regulations
• Required by employees
for whom there is
“reasonable anticipation”
of exposure
• Good Samaritan actions
are not covered under
this
• Ground Teams and CAP
do not fall under this
standard
CAP Regulations
• Does not require that you directly care for
victims
• If you chose, use universal precautions, safe
practice, and common sense at all times
Disease Transmission
• Possible for you to infect someone and vice
versa
• Pathogen:
– Disease causing organisms such as:
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Fungi
Parasites
Viruses
Bacteria
Disease Transmission
• Pathogen can enter the body:
– Direct
– Indirect
– Airborne
– Vector-borne
Disease Transmission
• 4 factors required for infection:
– Pathogen
– Appropriate entry site
– Enough of the pathogen
– Susceptibility to the pathogen
• Prevent any one of these, infection does not
occur
Cross-Contamination
• Form of indirect exposure that poses a particular risk of
disease transmission
• Everything touched is considered contaminated
• Common activities:
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Pens & Pencils
Eye glasses
Scratching your nose or face
Door knobs or handles
Phones & Radios
Hand Washing
• Single best defense against disease
transmission
• Visibly soiled hands use soap and water
• Do not use hand sanitizer if visibly soiled
Hand Washing
• Vigorously wash for at
least 15 seconds
• A little longer than the
birthday song
• Dry hands with unused
disposable towel or air
blower
• Use towel to turn off
faucet and open door
Hand Washing
• Use alcohol-based hand
sanitizers (60% to 95%) only
when not visibly soiled
• Ensure you apply the amount
prescribed on the bottle
• Rub hands thoroughly until
product dries
PPE
• Only works if it does not permit blood or other body
fluids to pass
• Should be free of holes, tears, rips, and other defects
• Immediately replace if this is the case
• Should be correct size
• Ensure it is readily available
PPE
• Glove removal
– With soiled gloves, start with either hand
– Carefully pinch glove near the wrist, touching only the
outside of the glove
– Slowly pull the glove off, which will turn it inside out
– With the gloved hand, ball the dirty glove into the
gloved hand
PPE
• Glove removal (cont’d)
– Examine cuff of the soiled glove for a clean area
– Slide an ungloved finger under the cuff, touching only
the inside of the glove
– Slowly pull the soiled glove off, turning it inside out
– Dispose of soiled gloves
– WASH HANDS with soap and water immediately after
Glove Removal
Disease of Concern
• Some diseases:
– HIV
– HBV
– HCV
– HSV
– Staphylococcus aureus
HIV
• Transmitted by:
– Blood
– Semen or Vaginal
secretions
– Childbirth with an
infected mother
– Breast-feeding
– Body fluids
– CSF
HIV
• Who can contract this virus:
– Every one regardless of age, gender, sexual
orientation, or race
• US rate: >1 million people infected
• Iowa: 102 new HIV cases each year
• No external factors or symptoms
HBV
• Causes hepatitis
• Lifelong infection causing cirrhosis, liver cancer,
and death
• Symptoms include:
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Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Fatigue
Many others
HBV
• Transmission:
– Blood or body fluids
– Sharing drug needles
– Needle sticks or sharp biohazard exposure
– Childbirth from infected mother
– Sexual intercourse
HBV
• Three shot vaccine
• 43,000 new cases in 2007
for the US
• Approximately 1.4 million
people infected in the US
• Iowa: 24 new cases each
year
HCV
• Causes hepatitis
• Lifelong infection causing cirrhosis, liver cancer, and
death
• Symptoms include:
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Jaundice
Loss of appetite
Fatigue
Dark urine
Many others
HCV
• Transmission:
– Blood or body fluids
– Sharing drug needles
– Needle sticks or sharp biohazard exposure
– Childbirth from infected mother
– Sexual intercourse
HCV
• No vaccine or treatment
• 43,000 new cases in 2007 for the US
• Approximately 1.4 million people infected in
the US
• Iowa: 24 new cases each year
HSV
• Causes cold sores
• Symptoms include:
– Pain around mouth and lips
– Blister that breaks open and leaks a clear fluid
• Transmission
– Touching the sore
– Touching saliva that contains the virus
HSV
• No vaccine or cure
• Treatment may reduce
symptoms by 1 or 2 days
• Approximately 140 million
people are infected
Staphylococcus aureus
• Many species of Staphylococcus
• Considered normal flora on the skin
• Causes:
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Skin abscess
Pneumonia
Sepsis
Osteomyelitis
Many More
Staphylococcus aureus
• Transmission
– Skin contact
– Fomite (towels, bandages, etc)
– Contaminated surfaces and items
• Risk factors:
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Athletic facilities
Dormitories
Military barracks
Households
Staphylococcus aureus
• Prevention
– Proper hygiene
• Treatment through antibiotics
• Estimated 89,785 infections in 2008
• Estimated 15,249 deaths in 2008
Points to Remember
• Proper Hygiene
• Always use PPE
• Infection is both ways
• Always assume blood and other body fluids
are infectious
Questions?