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Bloodborne pathogens: Preventing Disease Transmission
OSHA Bloodborne pathogens Standard
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Requires that employers reduce or remove hazards from the workplace that may place
employees in contact with infectious materials.
Applies to employees who may be exposed to blood or other body substances.
Revised in 2001 in response to passage of the federal Needle Stick and Prevention Act.
For specific employer responsibilities, refer to participant’s materials.
For additional info. About the bloodborne pathogens standard 29 DFR part 1910.1030,
refer to the OSHA website (www.osha.gov)
Bloodborne Pathogens
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Present in blood and body fluids and can cause disease.
Major bloodborne pathogens of primary concern include:
o Hepatitis B virus
o Hepatitis C virus
o HIV
How might a responder providing care in various emergencies be exposed to bloodborne
pathogens?
Video: How Infections Occur
Guided Discussion
Four conditions must be met for any disease to be spread. What are they?
How Infections Occur
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Bloodborne pathogens spread primarily through direct or indirect contact with infected
body fluids.
They do not spread by food or water or by casual contact.
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Direct contact: Infected blood or body fluids enter a person’s body at the correct entry
site.
Indirect contact: A person touches an object that contains blood or body fluid of an
infected person and that infected blood or body fluid enters the body through a correct
entry site.
Droplet transmission: A person inhales droplets from an infected person
Vector-borne transmission: An infectious source penetrates the skin.
Guided Discussion
What is an exposure control plan?
You should review the exposure control plan at your place of employment.
Video: The Exposure Control Plan
Video: Personal Protective Equipment
Identify examples of PPE that you would use for your individual jobs and possible situations
when each would be used.
Hand Hygiene
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Hand washing: Most effective measure to prevent the spread of infection.
Wash hands:
o Before providing care, if possible
o After providing care
Use alcohol-based sanitizers when:
o Soap and water are not available
o Hands are visibly soiled
Video: Engineering and Work Practice Controls
Guided Discussion
What does “engineering controls” mean and what are some examples?
What is the difference between engineering controls and work practice controls?
Work Practice Controls
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Examples include:
o Disposing of sharps in puncture-resistant, leak proof, labeled containers.
o Avoiding the splashing, spraying and splattering of droplets of blood or other
potentially infectious materials.
o Removing and disposing of soiled protective clothing as soon as possible.
o Cleaning and disinfecting all soiled equipment and work surfaces.
o Using good hand hygiene.
o Not eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or touching body areas in
environments where exposure is possible.
o Isolating contaminated areas so other employees or people do not walk through
and become exposed.
Spill Clean Up-Steps
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Wear disposable gloves and other PPE
Take steps to protect others by roping off or placing cones around the area.
Clean up spilled immediately or as soon as possible after the spill occurs.
o If the spill is mixed with sharp objects, such as broken glass and needles, do not
pick these up with you hands. Use tongs, a broom and dustpan, or similar items.
Dispose of the absorbent material used to collect the spill in a labeled biohazard
container.
Flood the area with a fresh disinfectant solution and allow it to stand for at least 10
minutes.
o Approximately 1 ½ cups of liquid chlorine bleach to 1 gallon of water ( 1 part
bleach to 9 parts water, or about a 10% solution)
Use appropriate material to absorb the solution, and dispose of it in a labeled biohazard
container.
Equipment Clean Up
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Scrub soiled boots, leather shoes and other leather goods with soap, a brush and hot
water.
If you wear a uniform to work, wash and dry it according to the manufacturer’s
instructions
Removing Disposable Gloves
1. Pinch Glove.
a. Pull the glove off inside out.
2. Slip two fingers under one glove.
a. Hold the glove you removed in the palm of your gloved hand.
3. Pull glove off.
4. Dispose of gloves and wash hands.
Video: Exposure Incidents
Exposure Incidents-Immediate Steps
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Clean the contaminated area thoroughly with soap and water.
Flush splashes of potentially infectious materials near the mouth and nose with water.
Irrigate the eyes, if exposed, with clean water, saline or sterile irrigates for 20 minutes.
After an Exposure Incident
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Immediately report the incident to:
o The appropriate person identified in the employer’s exposure control plan.
o EMS providers taking over care.
Write down what happened, including:
o The time, date and circumstances of the exposure.
o Action taken after the exposure.
o Any other information required by the employer.
Seek immediate follow-up care.
Lesson Wrap-Up
1. Which bloodborne pathogens are of primary concern for someone who responds to a first
aid emergency?
2. What four conditions are required for an infection to spread?
3. A victim has sustained a deep cut to his upper arm. The wound is open and blood is
spurting from the wound. What PPE should you use?
4. After providing care to a victim, you notice that your gloves have become torn and some
of the victim’s blood is on the skin of your hands. What should you do?