Download Greek Vocabulary

Greek
Civilization
Chapter 4
pages 116-149
Content Standard 2: Greek Civilization and its impact on later
civilizations. Legacy of law, engineering and technology, art and
architecture as well as literature and history. The empire also
played an instrumental role in the spread of Christianity.
Geography and its impact on early
Greeks
Notebook Key Words – define, use in a
sentence, and draw a picture.
• peninsula
• colony
• polis
• agora
Cause and Effect How did geography discourage
Greeks unity?
Greece
country in Mediterranean Europe, site of
great ancient civilization
* peninsula- a body of land with water on 3
sides
Ancient Greeks felt deep ties to the
land but were divided by mountains and
seas.
This made
for many
independent
states.
Content Standard 12- Maps and other geographic representations can be used to trace
the development of human settlement from past to present.
Minoans
• Early Greeks that lived on the island of
Crete.
• Minoans made their wealth from trade
with Egypt and Syria.(ships and pottery)
Mycenaean
Early Greeks from the mainland of Greece
Learned much from the Minoan’s culture.
Government officials kept track of every
person’s wealth. Traded like Minoans but with
Italy and Egypt.
Compare and Contrast between
Minoans and Mycenaean
Same
Minoans
Mycenaean
COMPARE /CONTRAST
Same
Minoans
Mycenaean
Both civilizations in Greece
Outstanding sailors/traders
Raised crops (grapes and
olives)
Both eventually conquered
(by outsiders)
Mostly peaceful
Life centered around cities
Evidence of recreation and
entertainment
Displayed bold colors and
patterns in their art and
clothing
From Crete (Knossos was
most important city)
Conquerors, war-focused
culture
Life focused less on cities,
more on countryside
(cultivating grain, grazing
animals)
no evidence of recreation
and entertainment
displayed little evidence of
art outside of military focus
from Peloponnese
peninsula (Mycenae)
First greek Kingdom
Greek Dark Ages (circa 1100
BCE- 750 BCE)
• Read 120-123
• What changes occurred during Greece’s Dark
Age?
Dark Ages
•
•
•
•
Years between 1100B.C. and 750B.C.
People only grew enough food for their family.
Written language forgotten
Thousands of Greeks left mainland, expanded
greek cultures to other islands.
• Iron tools and weapons made it possible for
more food surplus.
• Greek alphabet invented with 24 letters.
Greek Alphabet
• http://greece.mrdonn.org/powerpointsalphabet.html
Move to Colonize
• As Greece recovered from Dark Ages,
population grew.
• Trade became important began exchanging
goods for money.
• Growth of trade led to the growth of industry.
• People began specializing in certain trades like
pottery.
City-State
• Town or city surrounded by countryside.
• Each greek city-state (POLIS) a tiny
independent country.
• Varied in size and population.
• Run by its citizens (members of political
community)
• Equal rights and responsibility
Acropolis
The high rocky hill atop Athens, fortified
(gated/walled/safe protected from
attacks)
Agora
Public market and meeting place to debate
issues in ancient Greece (ancient
Easton)
Ruins of ancient
agora in
Thessaloniki,
Greece
Parthenon
A temple built to honor the goddess
Athena
Interactive Notebook
• Write a complete paragraph full of evidence
from the textbook.
Summarize citizenship as a Greek.
Section 2 Sparta and Athens
Page 124-130
What’s the difference?
Notes
•
•
•
•
tyrant
oligarchy
democracy
helot
• Cause and Effect Why did the Spartans stress
military training?
Tyrant
Ruler who takes power by force
Tyranny
Form of government in which a ruler, who
has taken power by force, has absolute
power
Tyranny in the City-States
• Growing unhappiness lead to tyrants
• Tyrants-someone who takes power by force
and rules total authority
• Overthrew many nobles but were popular for
building new market places, temples, and
walls
Oligarchy
A form of government which is run by a
few persons
Democracy
form of government in which all
eligible citizens have an equal say in
the decisions that affect their lives
Sparta vs. Athens
• Make a poster:
• Description of your given group
– Way of Life
– Military
– Government
– Use symbols that help define your group
Sparta
Ancient city-state in Greece; citizens
known for being great warriors
Spartans
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Conquered and enslaved their neighbors
Government was oligarchy
2kings headed a council of elders
Stayed in army or council from age of 30 until 60
Discouraged foreign visitors
Also banned travel abroad
Strong in army, controlled helots for 250 years
Girls were taught sports, freer and could own
land.
Athens
The capital and largest city in Greece,
birthplace of democracy
Athenians
• Schools taught reading, writing, arithmetic, sports
and music
• Girls stayed home (household duties)
• Nobles owned land, farmers owed money to nobles
sold themselves as slavery to pay debt
• Solon cancelled farmers debt. Let all males
participate in assembly to write and pass the laws.
• Peisistratus seized power and divided large estates
among farmers
• Cleisthenes reorganized the assembly to play central
role in governing--- credited with democracy
Solon
• Noble
• Canceled all of the
farmers debt
• Freed slaves
• Allowed all male
citizens to participate in
the assembly.
Section 2 Review
• 1. Why did Athenians choose officials by
lottery? Would their be drawbacks to this
method? Explain…
• 2.Why was Solon popular among some
Athenian farmers and unpopular among
others?
Persia Attacks Greeks
Pages 132-137
Notes
•
•
•
•
Notebook key terms
satrapies
satrap
Zoroastrianism
Meeting People
People you should know
Cyrus
Darius
Xerxes
Themistocles
Accomplishments
Persia
• Largest empire in the world in the 5th
century
Persian Empire
• Persia is known today as Southwestern Iran
• Cyrus united Persians to unite into a powerful
kingdom
• Built miles of roads to connect their holdings
• Professional army paid to fight
Darius
• King of the Persian empire at the start
of the Persian War. He led Persians in
the Ionian Revolt and Battle of
Marathon.
Persian Wars
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_jVCzTfIq
Y&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
&safe=active
Section 4
Reading 138-146
Interactive Notebook
• direct democracy
• representative democracy
• philosopher
Comparing Governments
Athenian Democracy
Type
Right to vote
Laws
Citizen
Involvement
direct
American Democracy
representative
Age of Pericles
• Athenian Empire
• Democracy in Athens
• Direct vs. representative
Direct Democracy
A form of democracy in which the
political power is exercised by the
citizens
Representative democracy
Citizens choose a small group of
people to represent their interests
Achievements of Pericles
•
•
•
•
•
Guided Athens for 30 years
Delian League (loyalty- and steady payments)
Allowed for poor citizens to enter govt.
Culture blossomed
Rebuilding of temples and statues
Life in Athens
government
economy
culture
wars
Life in Athens
government
economy
culture
wars
democracy
Farming
Trading center
Sold pottery,
jewelry, leather
goods, crops and
products
Great creativity
Rebuilding
program
Artists
Architects
Writers
Philosophers
Peloponnesian
War
(Athens defeated)
Interactive Notebook
Sparta or Athens?
• Write a well developed paragraph describing
why you rather be a Spartan or Athenian. Use
evidence from the chapter that would back
your answer.