Download cell – the basic unit of structure and function in living things tissue

7R SCIENCE FINAL REVIEW
Human Body
On loose leaf, write the answers to the following checklist of topics. You can write in words and draw
labeled pictures. For 1 – 10, about the Human Body, write the answers in the spaces provided.
Student will be able to:
___ Define cell, tissue, organ and system. State the order from smallest to largest and give examples.
cell – the basic unit of structure and function in living things
tissue – a group of similar cells performing the same function
organ – a structure composed of different tissues that performs
a specific job
organ system – several organs working together to perform a
major function
organism – a living thing made of many organ systems
___ Define homeostasis and give example of how the body tries to maintain it.
homeostasis – maintaining stable internal conditions
when your body becomes dehydrated, you feel thirsty
when your temperature is too low, you shiver to warm up
when your temperature is too high, you sweat to cool down
___ Describe how various human body systems relate to each other.
skeletal and muscular systems work together to move the body
digestive and circulatory systems work together to get nutrients to
body cells
respiratory and circulatory systems work together to get oxygen to
body cells
excretory and circulatory systems work together to remove waste
from the body
nervous and endocrine systems regulate the other body systems
Skeletal Muscular Systems
___ Give the functions for the skeletal and muscular system and how they work together to accomplish
movement.
skeletal – support, store minerals, make red blood cells, protects organs,
and place where muscles attach
muscular – causes movement in the body
muscles attach to bones by tendons and contract to pull on bones
___ Tell the difference between a ligament and a tendon.
ligament – connects bone to bone
tendon – connects muscle to bone
cartilage – covers and protects the ends of bones
___ Define joint and give examples of a hinge joint and ball and socket joint.
hinge:
ball and socket:
elbow, knee
shoulder, hip
___ Tell the difference between skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle and gives examples for each.
skeletal muscle: pulls on bone
smooth muscle: peristalsis in the digestive tract organs
(esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines)
lungs, kidneys, bladder, blood vessels
cardiac: beating heart
Circulatory System
___ Give the functions of the circulatory system and identify a diagram of it.
carries oxygen and nutrients to body cells
carries carbon dioxide and wastes
away from body cells
___ Define oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
de-oxygenated blood – contains CO2
oxygenated blood – contains O2
___ Describe the difference between veins, arteries and capillaries.
artery – carries
blood away
from the heart
vein – carries
blood towards
the heart
___ Explain what happens in the capillaries and why they are so important.
capillaries are very narrow – nutrients diffuse out of the
capillary and into the body cells, wastes diffuse out of the
body cell and into the capillary
___ Describe the four parts of the blood and their functions: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and
plasma.
red blood cells – carry oxygen
platelets – clot blood
white blood cells – fight disease
plasma – liquid part of blood
___ Define pulse.
pulse – artery expands and
contracts as blood is pumped
through the body
___ Describe how the human heart functions.
deoxygenated blood enters the heart
and is pumped to the lungs
CO2 leaves blood, O2 enters blood
oxygenated blood returns to the heart
and is pumped to all the body cells
Respiratory System
___ Give the functions of the respiratory system and identify a diagram of it.
takes O2 into the body
removes CO2 from the body
___ Explain how breathing and respiration relate.
breathing – air moves in and out of lungs
respiration – energy is released from food
___ Identify the equation for respiration.
glucose + O2
CO2 + H2O + energy
___ Give the functions for the organs of the respiratory system including the nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs
and diaphragm and list the order through which oxygen travels.
nose – filters, moistens, and warms air entering the body
trachea – windpipe
bronchi – tubes that enter the lungs
lungs – as the body inhales, the lungs fill with air; as the body
exhales, lungs push air out of the body
diaphragm – muscle that controls breathing
___ Show how the balloon model represents the respiratory system.
balloon is like the lungs
inflate = inhale
deflate = exhale
blue rubber = diaphragm
Excretory System
___ Give the functions of the excretory system and identify a diagram of it.
removes liquid and gas wastes
from the body
___ Identify specific excretory organs and describe what they do, including
kidneys, skin and lungs.
kidneys (D) – remove excess water and salt from blood
(makes urine)
skin (C) – removes excess water and salt from blood (makes sweat)
lungs (A) – removes CO2 from blood
Digestive System
___ Give the functions of the digestive system and identify a diagram of it.
breaks food into usable nutrients
absorbs nutrients into the blood
gets solid waste ready to be eliminated
___ Tell the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion.
mechanical digestion – food is broken down into smaller pieces
(teeth rips food, stomach churns and breaks apart food)
chemical digestion – food is dissolved into nutrients
(enzymes in the mouth and small intestine dissolve food)
___ Describe the importance of enzymes.
enzymes - chemically dissolve food
___ Give functions for the organs of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, and large intestine.
mouth – digestion begins here
saliva dissolves carbohydrates into sugar
esophagus – food tube
stomach – acid dissolves proteins
small intestine – digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
absorption of all nutrients into blood (villi)
large intestine – absorption of water into blood
rectum – stores solid waste
Nervous System
___ Give the functions of the nervous system and identify a diagram of it.
receives stimuli from the environment
carries electric messages to central nervous
system for processing
sends electric messages to muscles and
glands
maintains homeostasis
regulates and coordinates other organ systems
___ Give examples of a stimulus and its response.
When you touch a hot stove, your arm jerks away from the burner.
STIMULUS
RESPONSE
___ Identify and describe the function of the three parts of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla (brainstem).
cerebrum – thinking, senses
cerebellum – balance
medulla – breathing, heart rate
___ Identify a neuron and its importance.
neuron – nerve cell
carries electric signals in body
Endocrine System
___ Give the functions of the endocrine system and be able to identify a diagram of it.
regulates and controls other body systems
maintains homeostasis
___ Explain the importance of hormones.
hormones - chemical messengers affect target cells
Human Body
1. Describe how sweating helps to maintain homeostasis.
homeostasis – maintaining stable internal conditions
sweating regulates temperature by cooling the body
cell
2. The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is the ______________.
Two or more cells
tissue
working together are called a __________________.
Layers or tissue all working together for a common
organ
function is referred to as an __________________.
Many organs all working together to perform certain
organ
jobs are called an ________________
system
___________________.
3. Explain how the biceps and triceps work together to move the arm.
arm straightens:
biceps relaxes, triceps contracts
arm flexes:
triceps relaxes, biceps contracts
4. Describe the difference between the three types of blood vessels pictured in this diagram.
artery – carries blood away from heart
capillary – site of diffusion
vein – carries blood to heart
5. Sequence the path of oxygen through the Respiratory System, label each part.
1 – nose: filters, moistens, and warms air
2 – trachea: windpipe
3 – bronchi: branches into the lung
4 – lung: exhales and inhales
5 – alveoli: where diffusion of gases occurs
6. Describe the difference between mechanical and chemical Digestion and give example of where each
occurs.
mechanical – breaks down food into small parts (teeth)
chemical – enzymes dissolve food (small intestine, saliva,
stomach acid)
7. Which two body systems coordinate and regulate all the activities of the body?
nervous
_________________________
endocrine
and _________________________
8. Completely explain (using the names of the organs) how the circulatory and digestive systems work
together.
digestive: breaks food into small nutrients
circulatory: receives nutrients from villi of small intestine and
takes the nutrients to the body cells
9. Completely explain how the respiratory system works with the excretory system to remove carbon
dioxide.
respiratory: lung is a respiratory organ where CO2 diffuses out
of the blood and into the alveoli
excretory: lung is an excretory organ that exhales CO2 out of
the body
10. List three endocrine glands.
pituitary – master gland
thyroid – regulates metabolism
parathyroid – regulates calcium
adrenal gland – “fight or flight” stress
thymus – regulates immune system
pancreas – insulin regulates sugar in blood
ovaries – estrogen in females
testes – testosterone in males