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Body Systems Review Worksheet The main point of lessons 3.3-3.7 is to understand that there are different systems within the human body and that these systems work both independently and together to form a functioning human body. Focus Question: What is the connection between cellular respiration and the 3 body systems (respiratory, circulatory and digestive)? Lessons 3.3 and 3.4 1a. What body system helps humans breathe? The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM helps humans breath. 1b. Describe the key organs in this system and how they function as we breathe. The key organs of the respiratory system are the nose, trachea, lungs and diaphragm. The lungs are made up of tiny air sacs called alveoli. When the diaphragm contracts, the lungs expand, inhaling air. When the diaphragm relaxes, the lungs exhale. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse into and out of tiny blood vessels in the alveoli. 1c. What is the connection between the respiratory system and cellular respiration? The respiratory system is how oxygen (O2) gets into the body so that it can be carried to all the individual cells. It is also how the body gets rid of the waste carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by cellular respiration Lesson 3.5 and 3.6 2a. What body system includes a transport system and a pump? The CIRCULATORY SYSTEM is a transport system and a pump. 2b. Describe the key parts of this system and how they function to transport materials throughout the body. The key organs of the circulatory system are the heart (a pump) and the blood vessels (arteries and veins). Veins carry blood towards the heart, and arteries carry blood away from the heart out to all the cells of the body. The heart is actually TWO pumps; one side pumps blood to the lungs, the other pumps blood to the rest of the body. 2c. How does oxygen get into the system? How does carbon dioxide get out of system? Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs. In the alveoli, carbon dioxide DIFFUSES out of the red blood cells and is exhaled. At the same time, oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells. The blood then travels back to the heart and is pumped out to the rest of the body. 2c. What is the connection between the circulatory system and cellular respiration? The circulatory system is how oxygen is carried to each individual cell in the body through the smallest blood vessels. It is also how each individual cell gets rid of the carbon dioxide (waste) produced in cellular respiration. Lesson 3.7 4a. What body system helps us turn the food we eat into energy? The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM helps turn food into energy. 4b. Describe the key organs in this system and how they function to help get us the energy we need? The key organs of the digestive system include: the mouth and teeth; esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine. Food is broken down and mixed with saliva in the mouth, passes through the esophagus to the stomach to be broken down even further before passing into the small intestine. In the small intestine, glucose and nutrients are absorbed through the villi (small finger-like structures rich in the smallest blood vessels) and carried to all the cells of the body. Water is reabsorbed in the large intestine before waste is removed. 4c. How do nutrients get into the cells? Glucose and nutrients DIFFUSE into the blood stream from the villi. The blood stream (pumped by the heart) carries glucose and nutrients to all the cells of the body. 4d. What is the connection between the digestive system and cellular respiration? All cells need glucose to make energy (cellular respiration). The digestive system is the way glucose (and all the other nutrients) are brought into the body and available to the individual cells 5. How are all 3 systems connected? All three systems work together to bring IN-PUTS (reactants) of cellular respiration (oxygen from the respiratory system, and glucose from the digestive system, are carried by the circulatory system) all the way to the individual cells. The OUT-PUTS (products) of cellular respiration (carbon dioxide and water) are carried away, and the cell uses the ENERGY (ATP) for cell functions.