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Domain Bacteria and Domain BASIC CHARACTERISTIC of Both: Archaea •Unicellular •Heterotrophic or Autotrophic •Prokaryotic Bacteria: Archaea (salt) - Halophiles Eubacteria “True Bacteria” • Archaea “Ancient” - extremophiles - Thermophiles, - Methanogens (anaerobic waste removal) (Hydrothermal vents) How do Bacteria and Archaea differ? Domain Bacteria Structural: Peptidoglycan in cell wall Molecular: Simple RNA polymerases • Domain Archaea • Structural: • No peptidoglycan in cell wall. • Molecular: • Complex RNA polymerase Gram staining is used to identify bacteria. – Stains the peptidoglycan layer. – Gram-positive = Stain color - purple, Thick peptidoglycan cell wall – Gram-negative = Stain color - Pink, Thin peptidoglycan cell wall + outer membrane. B.subtilis E. coli Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and stain red/pink. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and stain purple. Basic Bacterial Structure pili cell membrane Nucleic Acid cell wall Ribosome Plasmid flagellum Bacteria are Classified by Shape and Growth Pattern – Bacillus = rod shaped – Spirilla = spiral shaped – Coccus = spherical shaped - Diplo = pair - Strepto = chain - Staphylo = cluster Test yourself…Classify these bacteria? Diplococcus Spirillus Streptococcus Streptobacillus Genetic Variation in Bacteria Transformation – Bacterial picks up free DNA and adds it in to its own DNA. Conjugation –One bacteria transfers DNA to another. Mutation – Random change in a DNA sequence.