Download AP Biology Discussion Notes

AP Biology Discussion Notes
Wednesday 10/28
Goals for the Day
1. Be able to discuss differences between
Lyell & Cuvier
2. Be able to describe the process of
natural selection
3. Be able to discuss & recognize a good
scientific theory
Discussion Day 2!
• Start in small group
discussions
• End with large group
discussions
• Your participation in both
will be graded!
Two Requests:
• Keep an open mind about the content that
is presented & be respectful of your
classmates views/questions/opinions
• If you have questions:
ASK THEM!
Discussion Day 2!
• A respectful discussion
means:
– Listening to each other
without making fun of ideas
or view points
– Respectful disagreements
– Not dominating the
conversation
– Being present in the
conversation & actively
participating.
– Keeping each other ON
TOPIC
Discussion Day 2!
• Start in small group
discussions
• End with large group
discussions
• Your participation in both
will be graded!
2. According to a simplified version of Lyell’s
ideas about Geology “The present is the
key to the past.” Describe what this
statement means in terms of Lyell’s
thinking.
How is this different from Cuvier?
3. Does Lyell believe in
Evolution/transformisme/transmutation?
a. What does Lyell use as evidence to
support this thinking?(53)
4. What was Lyell’s idea about Geology and
transmutation and was it widely accepted? What
evidence do you have of this?
Alfred Russell Wallace
• Professional Collector
and Naturalist
– Also influenced by Malthus
• Evolution by Natural
Selection
– 1858!
• Natural Selection came to
him in a dream
Darwin’s other influences
• Thomas Malthus
– British Economist
• Competition for Resources -1798
– Humans could reproduce faster than
economy could support
Origin of Species Published
• Published in 1859
• Overwhelming Evidence for
Evolution
• Published so that he, not
Wallace would receive credit
• Provides the MECHANISM
for Evolution
• Five Testable components
• South Dakota Statehood – 1889!
• As the 39/40th state in the Union
Natural Selection
• Natural Selection – the process by which
individuals that have favorable variations
and are better adapted to their
environment survive and reproduce more
successfully than less well adapted
individuals do. - THE MECHANISM of
evolution
Does survival of the fittest have
to do with Evolution?
Biological Fitness
– determined by an organism's ability to
survive AND reproduce
Adaptation - any trait that helps an organism to
survive and reproduce
ENVRIONMENT determines what is favorable!
Natural Selection & Evolution
• In time the number of individuals that carry
favorable characteristics that are also
inherited will increase in a population.
• Thus, the nature of the population will
change – a process called evolution.
• Natural selection acts on individuals, but
it is populations that evolve (change)
Natural Selection
• Natural Selection – the process by which
individuals that have favorable variations
and are better adapted to their
environment survive and reproduce more
successfully than less well adapted
individuals do.
• THE MECHANISM of evolution
Evidence for Natural Selection
• Artificial Selection – provides
evidence of how many small
changes can amount to a large
change over time.
Evidence for Natural Selection
• Vestigial Structures - Structures present in an
organism, but reduced in size and either have
no use or have a less important function than
they do in other, related organisms.
Evidence for Natural Selection
• Vestigial Structures - Structures present in an
organism, but reduced in size and either have
no use or have a less important function than
they do in other, related organisms.
Evidence for Natural Selection
Evidence for Natural Selection
Evidence for Natural Selection
Evidence for Natural Selection
Evidence for Natural Selection
• What type of animals are whales?
Five Testable Components
1. Individuals in Populations vary in
their abilities to survive and
reproduce
2. Some of this variation is heritable
– (GENETIC variation)
3. An excess of offspring is produced
each generation which leads to
competition
Mourning Dove
Five Testable Components
4. Individual survival and reproduction is NOT
RANDOM (It is tied to the environment)
5. Traits that allow higher survival & reproductive
rates become more common in the population
Pre-reading
• What led to the
demise of the
Great Auk?
• What were some
characteristics of
the Great Auk that
you think might
have led to its
extinction while
other seabirds
survived?
Flightless Birds
What are some examples?
• What might be an advantage of being
flightless or having smaller wings?
For Tomorrow
• Write you thoughts on #7 on the back
• Finish Pre-lab