Download the rise of islam

THE RISE OF
ISLAM
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
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How did climate and geography affect early life in
Arabia and how the religion of Islam began?
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What two things did Muhammad think rich town
leaders should do?
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What are some similarities between Christianity,
Judaism and Islam?
What is the Quran?
Why were t
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WHERE IS
ARABIA?
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Arabia is in a part of the world
called the Middle East.
GEOGRAPHY OF ARABIA
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Arabia is mostly
desert
It is very hot
Sandstorms make it
hard to see
Water and plant life
are found at oases
EARLY ARABS
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Early Arabs lived in clans and tribes that were
loyal to each other
The head of the tribe was called a sheikh
Many Arabs lived in villages where they had
farms or animals
Some Arabs traded goods across the desert
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Many traveled in a caravan, or group.
WHO ARE THE BEDOUINS?
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Some Arabs were desert herders
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They would go from oasis to oasis
so their camels, goats and sheep
could drink and eat.
• These people were called
Bedouins
Bedouins lived in tents
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Ate dried fruits and nuts
Drank milk from their animals
Rarely ate meat
MECCA
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Mecca became the largest
and wealthiest Arab town, it
was also an important
religious place.
In the middle of Mecca is the
Kaaba
Pilgrims, people who travel
to a holy place, came to Mecca
Arabians worshiped many
Gods but the most important
was Allah, he who made
everything.
MUHAMMAD: ISLAM’S PROPHET
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Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca
Even though he was successful, he was not happy
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Felt rich town leaders should:
• go back to the old ways
• Honor their families
• Be fair in business
• Help the poor
Muhammad went to the hills to meditate
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610 AD: Visited by an angel and told to preach Islam
Islam means “Surrendering to the will of Allah”
Allah is the Arabic word for “God”
MUHAMMAD’S TEACHINGS
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Muhammad went back to Mecca and told
everyone to break their statues of false gods
He told them to only worship Allah, the one
true God
Muhammad taught that all people were
equal
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He said:
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The rich should share their things
Being rich was not as important as leading a
good life
When the Day of Judgment came, God would
reward the good people and punish the bad
OPPOSITION TO ISLAM
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Religious leaders and the rich did not like Islam and
punished those who followed Muhammad
Muhammad and his followers left Mecca in 622 AD and
moved north to a city they called Medinah “City of the
Prophet”
Muhammad created a government in Medinah that used its
power in politics to support Islam
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This is called an Islamic state
630 AD: Muhammad’s army took over Mecca and made it a
holy city
ISLAM’S TEACHINGS
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Islam, Judaism and Christianity believe some of the
same things:
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Believe in one God who spoke to people through prophets
Muslims believe Abraham, Moses, Jesus and
Muhammad are the prophets
Christians see Jesus as divine/god-like
● Muslims do NOT see Muhammad as divine, just a good person and
prophet
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Muslims wrote down what Allah told Muhammad in the
Quran, the holy book of Islam
THE QURAN
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How to Live: be honest, treat others fairly, honor their
parents, give to the poor, do not murder, lie or steal
Daily Life: Cannot eat pork, drink alcohol or gamble
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM:
● Acts of Worship: (Shahada)Faith, (Salat) Prayer, Charity,
Fasting and (Hajj) Pilgrimage
● Shahada is the greatest of the pillars of Islam. It is the true
declaration of faith.
ISLAMIC EMPIRES
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By 750 AD, Islam spread to North Africa, Spain and some of
India
● One hundred years after Muhammad died, the Islamic
state became a great empire….Why were they so
successful?
• Arabs were good on horseback and with swords
• Motivated by their religion
• Muslims believed anyone who died fighting for Islam
would go to paradise
• Let others practice their own religion
• “People of the Book”…Christians and Jews
• If you were not Muslim, you had to pay a special tax
The term Arab came to mean anyone who spoke Arabic, not
someone FROM Arabia.
STRUGGLES WITHIN ISLAM
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When Muhammad died, Muslims argued about who would be
caliph, successor to the Messenger of God.
Muslims split into two groups: Sunnis and Shiites
Today most Muslims are Sunnis
● Iran and Iraq have the largest numbers of Shiites
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Although one in their basic beliefs, Shiites and Sunnis
created their own separate religious practices and customs
END OF THE FIRST ARAB EMPIRE
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1200’s: Mongols invaded from central Asia
● The Mongols were building their own empire and destroying
many civilizations
1258: the Mongols burned Baghdad, the capital of the Arab
Empire, to the ground
LATER MUSLIM EMPIRES
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Other Muslim groups built empires in Asia, Africa and
Europe
● Two of the largest and most powerful empires were the
Ottoman Empire that began in Turkey and the Mogul
empire in India
The Ottoman Empire “Ottoman Turks”
● Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453,
renamed Constantinople to Istanbul
● Conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, parts
of Arabia and North Africa
● Used guns and cannons to fight, built a navy for the
Mediterranean
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
WHO WERE THE MOGULS?
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1500’s: Muslims in north India build another
Muslim empire
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Greatest Mogul ruler was Akbar
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Treated his people fairly, which brought peace and order
Most of India’s people were Hindu
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Used guns, cannons, elephants and horses to win land
Made the city of Delhi the center of their empire
Both Hindus and Muslims worked in Akbar’s government
Muslim traders brought paper, gunpowder and fine
porcelain from China, architects used built styles
like the arch and dome
WHO WERE THE MOGULS?
The Mogul empire
started to decline
when they spent too
much trying to
expand, forced people
to pay high taxes and
switch to Islam, then
had to deal with
European merchants