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Introductory Psychology Lectures A series of PowerPoint lectures to accompany the introductory psychology textbooks offered by Worth publishers Editor: Harvey G. Shulman, Ph.D. Subcortical Structures Joe Williams The Ohio State University Department of Psychology © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 1 1 Subcortical Brain Structures Subcortical - underneath the cortex hypothalamus and pituitary basal ganglia limbic system hindbrain and brainstem structures © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 2 2 Hindbrain Structures Cerebellum Brainstem medulla reticular formation pons © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 3 3 Thalamus Relay station in brain Processes most information to and from higher brain centers © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 8 8 The Limbic System Hypothalamus Amygdala Hippocampus © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 9 9 Hypothalamus Contains nuclei involved in a variety of behaviors sexual behavior hunger, thirst sleep water and salt balance body temperature regulation circadian rhythms role in hormone secretion © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 10 10 Hypothalamus and Hunger Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus leads to overeating © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 11 11 Hypothalamus and Hormones Hypothalamus releases hormones or releasing factors which in turn cause pituitary gland to release its hormones © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 12 12 Amygdala Inputs come from all senses Amygdala ‘reads’ emotional significance of inputs Output influences such functions as heart rate, adrenaline release © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 13 13 Amygdala and Emotion Identify emotion from facial expressions Amygdala damage makes this task difficult © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 14 14 Hippocampus Important in forming new memories © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 15 15 Basal Ganglia Slow, deliberate movements Parkinson’s disease is the result of abnormalities in the basal ganglia © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 16 16 Dopamine Involved in movement, attention and learning Dopamine imbalance also involved in schizophrenia Loss of dopamineproducing neurons is cause of Parkinson’s disease © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 17 17 Parkinson’s Disease Results from loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra Symptoms include difficulty starting and stopping voluntary movements tremors at rest stooped posture rigidity poor balance © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 18 18 Parkinson’s Disease Treatments L-dopa transplants of fetal dopamine-producing substantia nigra cells adrenal gland transplants electrical stimulation of the thalamus has been used to stop tremors © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 19 19 Copyright Copyright 1999 by Worth Publishers, New York, NY and by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright owners. © 1999 The Ohio State University & Worth Publishers. 20 20
