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Diversity of Organisms and Classification Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species Species The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring Five Kingdom System Bacteria Protists Fungi Animals Plants Bacteria Kingdom Unicellular, microscopic No nucleus – Prokaryotic No chlorophyll – Saprophytic or parasitic Protist kingdom Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present – Eukaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic Fungus kingdom Eukaryotic Made up of hyphae No root, stem and leaf No chlorophyll – Saprophytic or parasitic Reproduce by forming spores Animal Kingdom Eukaryotic Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: – Invertebrates : without backbone – Vertebrates : with backbone Invertebrate Coelenterates •2 layers of cells •Have tentacles with sting cells •One opening Flatworm •Long and flattened body •Free living or parasitic Ringed worms •Long and segmented body •Have chaetae for locomotion Roundwoms Long, cylindrical and segmented body Most of them are parasites •Molluscs •Soft and unsegmented body •Covered by a hard shell Echinoderms •Marine animals with 5-radial plan body •Have external spines Arthropods • Segmented body • Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs of jointed legs • Divided into 4 classes 1. Crustaceans 2. Arachnids 3. Myriapods 4. Insects Crustaceans Arachnids Myriapods Insects Vertebrates Divided into 5 groups: – Fish – Amphibians – Reptiles – Birds – Mammals Fish Aquatic Cold-blooded Body covered with wet and slimy scales Streamline body for easy movement through water Fins for balance and to control movement Gills for breathing External fertilization Amphibians Cold-blooded Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present – tetrapods Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs External fertilization Reptiles Cold-blooded Body covered with dry, hard scales Live on land Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs Birds Warm-blooded With feathers and wings Beak for feeding Lungs for breathing Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs Mammals Warm-blooded Hairs on skin Females have mammary glands for producing milk Lungs for breathing Diaphragm present Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies Plant Kingdom Eukaryotic Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis – Autotrophic Can be divided into two groups: – Non-flowering plants – Flowering plants Non-flowering plants 4 groups: – Algae – Mosses – Ferns – Gymnosperms Algae Aquatic May be unicellular or multicellular No root, stem or leaf Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis Mosses With simple leaves and stems No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water Reproduce by spores No vascular tissues Found in damp area Ferns With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues Reproduce by spores Live in damp places Gymnosperms Reproduction by producing seeds – Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits naked seeds Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss Angiosperms (Flowering plants) With flowers for reproduction Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary) Two groups of flowering plants Cotyledons Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Two One Leaf venation Netted Parallel Root system Fibrous root system Tap root system