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Earth Science Final Exam Study Guide 1st Semester
Select the best answer choice for the following questions.
____ 1. Copernicus theorized that…
a. the sun was at the center of the universe
b. the moon revolves in stages with the sun
c. Earth was at the center of the universe
d. all of these
____ 2. According to the Big Bang Theory the universe is…
a. 500 billion yrs old
b. 47 billion yrs old
c. 470 billion yrs old
____ 3. The period of revolution for Earth is
a. one week
b. one day
c. one month
d. 13.7 billion yrs old
d. one year
____ 4. Which of the following would be shorter if the Earth rotated faster?
a.
Years
b. months
c. weeks
d. days
____ 5. Which of the following scientists explained that gravity kept the planets in orbit?
a. Brahe
b. Kepler
c. Newton
d. none of these
____ 6. The moon orbits Earth instead of the sun due to the following…
a. Gravity depends partly on distance and the Moon is closer to Earth.
b. Only large objects orbit around the Sun, and the Moon is too small.
c. The Moon used to be part of Earth, so it must orbit Earth
d. The moon is moving too fast and cannot change its orbit.
____ 7. The planets closest to the sun are
a. large and made of rock
b. small and made of rock
c. small and gaseous
d. large and gaseous
____ 8. Mercury moves faster than the other planets in our solar system due to
a. it’s high temperature
c. the gravity of the sun, as it is close to Mercury
b. it’s small size
d. the magnetism of Venus, which is the closest planet to Mercury
____ 9. Which of the following planets has the shortest revolution?
a. Venus
b. Earth
c. Mars
d. Mercury
____ 10. The closest planet to the sun is
a. Earth
b. Mars
c. Jupiter
d. Venus
____ 11. Which characteristic do all the planets of the solar system have in common?
a. rocky surfaces
c. elliptical orbits
b. at least one moon
d. equally dense atmospheres
____ 12. How are the outer planets different from the inner planets?
a. the outer planets are gaseous
c. the outer planets have many craters
b. the outer planets have high densities
d. the outer planets have no atmosphere
____ 13. Which of the following planets would be classified as a terrestrial planet?
a. Mars
b. Neptune
c. Saturn
d. Jupiter
____ 14. Asteroids and comets differ in what way?
a. size
b. speed
c. their composition
d. none of these
____ 15. What is the sequence that describes a space rock that falls to Earth’s surface?
a. Meteoroid, meteor, meteorite
c. Meteorite, meteor, meteoroid
b. Meteor, meteoroid, meteorite
d. Meteoroid, meteorite, meteor
____ 16. Jared is planning an experiment to track the phases of the moon. How long will he need to complete
his experiment?
a. a week
b. a day
c. a month
d. a year
____ 17. The main difference between an asteroid and a meteoroid…
a. size
b. orbits
c. density
d. their effect on Earth
____ 18. Why is it important to study smaller bodies such as comets or asteroids?
a. They help us learn the history of our solar system
c. Many are located beyond where space
missions travel
b. They are leftover solar system material
d. Many of them are rich in organic materials
____ 19. If the moon is waxing, the part of the moon we see
a. increases
b. decreases
c. disappears
____
a.
b.
c.
d.
d. stays the same
20. Which given list of moon phases is in the correct order?
full, waning gibbous, first quarter, waxing crescent, new
full, waning gibbous, new, waxing crescent, first quarter
full, waxing crescent, new, waning gibbous, first quarter
full, waxing crescent, waning gibbous, new, first quarter
____ 21. The type of eclipse that occurs when Earth is between the sun and moon
a. lunar eclipse b. annular eclipse
c. solar eclipse
d. total eclipse
____ 22. We see the same side of the moon from Earth due to
a. its phases are constantly changing
c. its period of rotation equals its period of revolution
b. half of the moon is always in sunlight
d. the moon changes its position relative to Earth
____ 23. What is the current theory about how the moon formed?
a. The moon was a large asteroid captured by Earth’s gravity
b. The moon resulted when a large body struck Earth
c. The moon formed at the same time from the same materials
d. The moon spun off from a rapidly spinning Earth
____ 24. Which of the following is the correct order in which these events happened?
a. The Big Bang Theory, formation of the Milky Way Galaxy, formation of Earth, formation of the sun
b. Formation of the Milky Way Galaxy, formation of the sun, formation of Earth, the Big Bang Theory
c. Formation of Earth, formation of the moon, formation of the sun, formation of the Milky Way Galaxy
d. None of these
____
a.
b.
c.
d.
25. Which of the following statements best explains the rock cycle?
Rocks deep below ground rise to the surface, are moved back underground, then rise to the surface again.
Igneous rock and sedimentary rock change to metamorphic rock.
The rock cycle has a single pathway from one type of rock to another type of rock.
Every type of rock can be changed into every other type of rock. The type of rock that forms depends on
the conditions that affect the rock.
____ 26. When magma cools during the rock cycle, ____ rock is formed.
a. igneous
b. sedimentary
c. metamorphic
d. foliated
____ 26. Minerals are NOT
a. liquids
b. inorganic
c. formed in nature
d. have a crystalline structure
____ 27. Through the process of compaction and cementation, ________ rock is formed.
a. Igneous rock b. metamorphic rock
c. sedimentary rock
d. all of these
____ 28. When limestone is exposed to enough heat and pressure, it goes through physical changes. These
changes can turn limestone into a different kind of rock called marble. Which of these BEST describes marble?
a. It is an igneous rock
c. It is a synthetic rock
b. It is a sedimentary rock
d. It is a metamorphic rock
____ 29. A rock can be classified according to its
a. hardness
b. luster
c. cleavage & fracture
d. composition & texture
____ 30. Through the geological processes such as ______ and _____ a rock type can be change into one of
the other three rock types.
a. Uplift & rain
b. streak & fracture
c. weathering & erosion d. none of these
True or False. Mark the appropriate response for each of the following statements. T for true and F for false.
____ 31. Volcanic eruptions help to create some of the largest mountains on Earth and form fertile farmland.
____ 32. The primary cause of earthquakes and volcanoes is tectonic plate movement.
____ 33. Lava is the result of magma being blasted into the air and hardening.
____ 34. Subduction is the process that produces magma.
____ 35. We can predict volcanic eruptions.
____ 36. Earthquakes zones are where a large number of faults are located.
____ 37. Seismic waves that travel through the Earth’s interior are body waves.
____ 38. The speed of seismic wave is determined by the material it travels through.
____ 39. Pressure waves or P waves travel along the Earth’s surface.
____ 40. Surface waves or S waves travel through liquids, solids and gases.
Matching. Select the appropriate term from the word bank below and match it with the correct statement.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
convergent boundary
divergent boundary
transform boundary
crust
mantle
f. core
g. plate tectonics
h. tectonic plate
i. mid-ocean ridge
j. sea-floor spreading
____ 41. Volcanoes and mountain chains formed from undersea rift zones
____ 42. The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
____ 43. Much denser and thicker than the crust…where magma comes from
____ 44. The theory that Earth’s lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around
____ 45. This happens when two tectonic plates collide
____ 46. Makes up 1/3 of the Earth’s mass, composed of mostly iron
____ 47. New sea floor forms here
____ 48. Consists of the upper part of the mantle, oceanic and continental crust
____ 49. Solid, thinnest layer of the Earth, composed of mostly oxygen, silicon and aluminum
____ 50. The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms