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THE
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
The Endocrine System is a
collection of glands that produces
hormones that regulates your
body's growth, metabolism, and
sexual development and function.
The hormones are released into
the bloodstream and transported
to tissues and organs throughout
your body.
What are the different
glands that compose
the Endocrine system
and the hormones that
they secrete?
Glands – special organs
in the body that make
and store fluids that
the body needs
<==
HORMONE – chemical substance
that controls growth and
development and functions of
the body.
- fluid that is directly
release in the bloodstream.
<==
Hypothalamus
Gland
 It
is a part of the brain that serves
as a link between the endocrine
system and the nervous system.
 The hormones it secrets stimulate or
inhibit the pituitary gland from
releasing its hormones.
 The hypothalamus senses when the
level of a certain hormone is low.
Hormone:
 Oxytocin
– it stimulates the contraction
of the uterus when the
mother is in labor.
- responsible for the release
of milk from the breast
Pituitary Gland
 known
as the master gland because
it produces several hormones that
control the function of the other
glands. But it is under the control of
the hypothalamus gland.
 Growth
Hormones:
hormone – stimulates bone growth
 Thyroid-stimulating hormone – controls
the metabolism and growth and
development of the body
◊ Prolactin – promotes milk production in
mothers
◊ Sex gland stimulating hormone
Pineal Gland
 is
a small endocrine gland located
near the center of the brain
Hormone:
 Melatonin
– promotes the development
of the ovaries and testes
Thyroid Gland
 stimulated
by the thyroidstimulating hormone from the
pituitary gland in order to produce
the secretions.
Hormones:
 Thyroxin
– controls or regulates how
fast the body burns up
food to produce energy
or metabolic rate
- stimulates the growth and
mental development
◊ Calcitonin – decreases the amount
of calcium in the blood
The Parathyroid Glands
 are
composed of four small glands in
the neck.
Hormone:
 Parathormone
– increases the amount
of calcium in the blood
- it stimulates the
intestines to speed up
absorption of calcium
- also stimulates the
bones to release more
calcium into the blood
Thymus Gland
is an organ found in the chest. It is
found above and in front of the
heart.
 Babies are born with large thymus
but when they reached adulthood,
the thymus has nearly disappeared.

Hormone:
 Thymosin
– stimulates the
development of the lymphatic tissues
of the lymphatic system which help
the body fight against diseases and
producing antibodies
Adrenal Glands
 are
two small organs each found on
top of the kidney
Hormones:
 Aldosterone
– helps regulate metabolism
and maintain water
balance
◊ Adrenaline – helps the body cope with
emergencies
◊ Cortisol – helps the body fight infections
Pancreas

is a gland in the abdomen near the
stomach. It has a group of special
cells that secrete hormones called
the Islets of Langerhans. These
groups of cells in the Islets of
Langerhans are called Alpha cells
and the beta cells.
Hormone:
Alpha cells secrete:
- Glucagon – stimulates the liver to
change the stored glycogen to glucose to
release it into the blood.(raises blood
sugar level)
◊ Beta Cells secrete:
- Insulin – facilitates the transport of
glucose into the cells. (lowers blood sugar
level)
* These 2 hormones are important in
maintaining the normal sugar or glucose
level in the blood.

Gonads or Sex Glands
 The
primary reproductive organs of
the male and female, the ovaries and
testes.
Male hormone
 Testosterone
– stimulates the
production of sperm and promotes
the development of the secondary
sex characteristics such as
broadening of shoulders, muscular
development and the growth of
beard and moustache.
Female hormones:
 Estrogen
– responsible for the
development of the
secondary sex characteristics,
such as development of the
breasts and widening of hips
◊ Progesterone – regulates the uterus lining
during menstruation, also
regulates the maintenance
of the uterus during pregnancy
GLANDS
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY
HORMONES
- Oxytocin
-Growth Hormone
-Prolactin
-Thyroid-stimulating hormone
-Sex-gland stimulating hormone
PINEAL
- Melatonin
THYROID
-Thyroxin
-Calcitonin
PARATHYROID
- Parathormone
THYMUS
- Thymosin
ADRENAL
-Aldosterone
- Cortisol
- Adrenaline
PANCREAS
-Insulin
- Glucagon
GONADS (Sex Glands)
A. TESTES (Male)
- Testosterone
B. OVARIES (Female)
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
DISEASES
 Giantism/Gigantism
 Dwarfism
 Acromegaly
 Hypothyroidism
 Hyperthyroidism
 Cretinism
 Diabetes
 Giantism/Gigantism
-excessive growth
and height (2.4 -2.7 m)
significantly above
average caused
by over-production
of growth hormone
 Dwarfism
- lack of growth
hormone, usually due
to malfunction of the
pituitary gland
 Midgets-adults with
height of less than
4 ft 10 in (1.2 m)
Acromegaly
- A chronic disease of
adults marked by
enlargement of the bones
of the extremities, face,
and jaw that is caused
by overactivity of the
pituitary gland.

 Hypothyroidism
- underproductivity of the
thyroid due to lack of
iodine in the diet that is
necessary for the
production of thyroid gland
- goiter (enlargement of
the thyroid glands)
 Hyperthyroidism
- overproductivity of
thyroid gland.
-Symptoms are increased
appetite, weight loss,
dry skin, toxic goiter
development and the
eyes bulging
 Cretinism
- a deficiency in
thyroxin during
the development of
a fetus which
causes
short in height and
mentally retarded
Diabetes Mellitus
 Pancreas


produces
little or no
insulin.
Hyperglycemia
(too much sugar,
lack insulin)
Hypoglycemia
(less sugar, too
much insulin)
Proper Care
 Take
a bath regularly or wash the
body organs as often as possible.
 Eat the right kind of food.
 Avoid eating too much sweet and
fatty foods.
 Drink lots of liquids.
 Have enough rest and sleep.
 Have a regular exercise.