Download AP Biology: Animal Behavior Student Outline (Rev. 2016) J. Miller

AP Biology: Animal Behavior Student Outline (Rev. 2016)
J. Miller
Learning Objectives:
2.21 The student is able to justify the selection of the kind of data needed to answer scientific
questions about the relevant mechanism that organisms use to respond to changes in their
external environment.
2.35 The student is able to design a plan for collecting data to support the scientific claim that the
timing and coordination of physiological events involve regulation.
2.36 The student is able to justify scientific claims with evidence to show how timing and
coordination of physiological events involve regulation.
2.37 The student is able to connect concepts that describe mechanisms that regulate the timing
and coordination of physiological events.
2.38 The student is able to analyze data to support the claim that responses to information and
communication of information affect natural selection.
2.39 The student is able to justify scientific claims, using evidence, to describe how timing and
coordination of events in organisms are regulated by several mechanisms.
2.40 The student is able to connect concepts in and across domain(s) to predict how
environmental factors affect responses to information and change behavior.
3.40 The student is able to analyze data that indicate how organisms exchange information in
response to internal changes and external cues, and which can change behavior.
3.41 The student is able to create a representation that describes how organisms exchange
information in response to internal changes and external cues, and which can result in changes in
behavior.
3.42 The student is able to describe how organisms exchange information in response to internal
changes or environmental cues
Lesson Outline:
I.
II.
Introduction
A. Human and Animal Interactions
B. Definition
1. Dictionary definition
2. Ethology
3. Universality
Historical Background
A. Historical Ethology
B. Modern Ethology
1. Karl von Frisch
2. Konrad Lorenz
3.Niko Tinbergen
C. Other Ethologists
1. Jane Goodall
2. George Schaller
III.
IV.
V.
3. David Mech
Approaches to Studying Animal Behavior
A. Motor and Non-motor components
B. Behavior as Adaptation
1. Combination of Genetics, Evolution, and Ecology
2. Homeostasis
3.Environments influence on behavior
C. Ethogram
D. Two Ways to Study
E. Considerations
1. Anthropomorphism
2. Occam’s Razor
Stimuli and Behavior
A. Sign Stimuli and the Fixed Action Pattern (FAP)
B. Hormones
C. Migration
D. Behavior Rhythms
1. Circadian Cycles
2. Lunar
3. Diurnal
4. Nocturnal
5. Crepuscular
E. Communication
1. Sound
2. Chemicals (smell) - Pheromones
3. Visual Displays
4.Honeybees
Learned Behavior
A. Innate – Instinctive behavior
B. Learning
1. Imprinting
2. Spatial Learning
a. Individual Distance
b. Territory
c. Home range
d. Orientation Behavior
 Visual
 Echolocation
 Electric
 Smell
 Avian navigation
3.Associative Learning
a. Classical
VI.
VII.
VIII.
b. Operant
4. Habituation
5. Cognition and Problem Solving
Feeding Behavior
A. Sessile animals
B. Herbivores
C. Carnivores
D. Omnivores
E. Energy Lost in Food Chain
Social Behavior – interactions between two or more individuals of the same species
A. Societies
1. Loose Association
2. Kinesis
3. Flock
B. Dominance Hierarches
C. Mating Behavior
1. Promiscuous
2. Monogamous
3.Polygamous
a. Polygamy
b. Polyandry
4. Courtship purposes
D. Mating Systems and Parental Care
1. Insect societies
a. Colonial Insects: honey bees, ants, termites
b. See handout
2.Vertebrate societies
a. Lions
b. Wolves
3.Reproductive strategies
E. Play
Genetic Basis of Behavior
A. Niko Tinbergen’s Questions to Understand Any Animal Behavior
1. Causation: What stimulus elicits the behavior? Has it been modified?
2. Development: How does what the animal does affect growth and
development?
3. Function: Why does it respond this way? How does it affect survival and
reproduction?
4. Evolutionary History: How does the behavior compare to other closely
related species.
B. Altruism