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PERSIAN WARS 1. What empire was the strongest in the world at the time of the Persian Wars? PERSIAN EMPIRE 2. Who did the Ionians ask for help from when they revolted against the Persians? ATHENIANS 3. Why did King Darius want revenge on the Greek city-states? BECAUSE THEY HELPED IONIANS REBEL 4. Who was King of the Persians during the Persian Wars, Round 1? DARIUS 5. What did Phidippides shout when he arrived in Athens? NIKE 6. Why did King Xerxes want revenge on the Greek city-states? BECAUSE THEY DEFEATED HIS FATHER - KING DARIUS 7. Who was King of the Persians during the Persian Wars, Round 2? KING XERXES 8. Athenian ships were known as what? TRIREMES 9. What was the strategy at the Battle of Marathon? They used double envelopment to surround their opponents. 10. What was the strategy at the Battle of Thermopylae? FORCE LARGER ARMY INTO NARROW PASS SO ONLY SMALL GROUPS OF SOLDIERS CAN GET THROUGH 11. What was the strategy at the Battle of Athens? BLOW TO GREEK MORALE/SPIRITS 12. What was the strategy at the Battle of Salamis? FORCE LARGER NAVY INTO NARROW WATERWAY AND ATTACK WITH SMALLER SHIPS 13. What was the strategy at the Battle of Plataea? FINISH OFF RETREATING ARMY AFTER GENERAL DIED 14. Place the battles in proper chronological order and list winner of each: MARATHON - G, THERMOPYLAE – P, ATHENS - P, SALAMIS - G, PLATAEA - G 15. Who won the Persian Wars, Round 1? GREEKS 16. Who won the Persian Wars, Round 2? GREEKS 17. Who was Themistocles? GREEK GENERAL – CONVINCED THE GREEKS TO BUILD A NAVAL FLEET 18. Who was King Leonidas? GREEK KING OF THE SPARTANS AT BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 19. Name the protective group that the Greek city-states formed. DELIAN LEAGUE 20. What was the purpose of this group? PROTECT THE GREEK CITY-STATES FROM ATTACKS 21. What island was the headquarters of this group located on? DELOS 22. Name the city-state that refused to join the group and why. SPARTA – BECAUSE THEY HAD THE BEST ARMY, THEY DIDN’T THINK THEY NEEDED THE LEAGUE’S PROTECTION AND THEY DIDN’T WANT TO HAVE TO DEFEND THE OTHER CITY-STATES 23. Why was Athens able to gain control of the League? THEY CONTROLLED THE NAVY 24. Why did the city-states begin to resent Athens? USED MONEY FROM THE DELIAN LEAGUE TO RE-BUILD ATHENS 25. Why did Pericles have to re-build Athens? PERSIANS BURNED IT DOWN DURING PERSIAN WARS ROUND 2 26. Where did the money for the rebuilding of Athens come from? DELIAN LEAGUE 27. What was the nickname of Pericles? FIRST CITIZEN 28. How did the Long Walls help Athens during the War? ALLOWED THEM TO STAY INSIDE THE CITY AND STILL GET SUPPLIES FROM THEIR NAVY 29. How did the Long Walls hurt Athens during the War? SPARTA BLOCKED OFF THEIR PORT AND THEY COULDN’T GET ANY SUPPLIES IN AND COULDN’T GET OUT OF THE CITY – THE WALLS TRAPPED THEM INSIDE AND THEY STARVED 30. What city-state declared war on Athens? SPARTA 31. How many years did the Peloponnesian War last? 27 YEARS 32. Why is the Peloponnesian War considered a civil war? BECAUSE IT WAS FOUGHT BETWEEN 2 GREEK CITY-STATES 33. Who did the Spartans receive help from during the Peloponnesian War? PERSIANS 34. On what condition did they help the Spartans? SPARTA HAD TO STOP HELPING THE IONIANS REBEL AGAINST PERSIANS 35. Who won the Peloponnesian War and in what year? SPARTA – 404BC 36. How did this city-state win? BUILT NAVY AND BLOCKED ATHENS PORT CITY OF PIRAEUS 37. List two things that caused Athens to lose a quarter of its population. PLAGUE, WAR 38. What form of government did Sparta set up in Athens? OLIGARCHY 39. Civil Wars always weaken a country. How did the Peloponnesian War weaken Greece? THE CITY-STATES KEPT FIGHTING AMONGST EACH OTHER AND THEY DIDN’T NOTICE THE THREAT FROM MACEDONIA – THEY WERE WEAK AND COULDN’T UNITE TOGETHER TO FIGHT BACK AGAINST MACEDONIA 40. In 338 BC, who conquered Greece and why was he able to do so? PHILIP II OF MACEDONIA – GREECE HAD NO MONEY, MEN, AND CITYSTATES WERE FIGHTING WITH EACH OTHER 41. What was the Spartan military strategy for the Peloponnesian War? USED THEIR POWERFUL LAND ARMY TO ATTACK. THEY CUT OFF FOOD SUPPLIES BY DESTROYING CROPS. INVADED AND ENGAGED IN RAPID BATTLES. 42. What was the Athenian military strategy for the Peloponnesian War? AVOID LAND BATTLES. KEPT THEMSELVES ENCLOSED INSIDE THE CITY WALLS CONNECTING THEIR CITY TO THE PORT. USED THEIR NAVY FOR FOOD AND DEFENSE.