Download Basic Sentence parts

BASIC SENTENCE PARTS
Mr. Brasher
Complete Subjects and Predicates
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Sentence- group of words with 2 main parts:
complete subject and complete predicate. Together,
they express a clear thought.
Complete subject includes a noun or pronoun that
names the person, place, or thing that that sentence
is about.
Complete predicate includes a verb that tells
something about the complete subject.
Both complete subject and predicate can consist of
1 or many words.
Look at box on page 422; do exercise 1 on 422
out loud as a class.
Simple Subjects and Predicates
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Simple subject- essential noun, pronoun, or group of
words acting as a noun that cannot be left out of
the complete subject.
Simple predicate- essential verb or verb phrase
that cannot be left out of the complete predicate.
Notice in the two examples on page 423 add
details to the simple subject to make it a complete
subject. Same is with the simple predicate. (Do not
have to write down)
Note- simple subject is never the object of the
preposition. Look at example in the book; do
exercise 2 on page 423 out loud as a class.
Compound subjects
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Compound subject- two or more subjects that have
the same verb and are joined by a conjunction such
as and or or.
Do exercise 3 on page 424 out loud as a class.
Compound Verbs
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Compound verb- two or more verbs that have the
same subject and are joined by a conjunction such
as and or or.
A sentence can sometimes have both a compound
subject and compound verb.
Exercise 4 on page 425 out loud as a class.
End of day 1 notes
Homework= Page 427 exercises 6 and 7
20.2 Hard-to-Find Subjects
Subjects in Orders and Directions
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In most sentences that give orders or directions, the
subject is understand rather than actually stated;
subject is understood to be you.
In the second example on page 428, the subject is
still understood to be you even though the sentence
contains a noun of direct address- that is, the name
of the person being addressed.
Exercise 12 on page 428 out loud as a class.
Subjects in Questions
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In questions, the subject often follows the verb. These
are called inverted sentences.
Questions that are in inverted order generally begin
with a verb, with a helping verb, or with one of the
following words: how, what, when, where, which, who,
whose, or why.
To find subject in questions with inverted order, mentally
rephrase the question as a statement. This will place
the subject before the verb.
Note all questions are in inverted order; sometimes
questions beginning with an adjective or a pronoun are
in the usual subject-verb order.
Sentences beginning with here and
there
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Some inverted sentences begin with here or there;
these words are never the subject.
In sentences that begin with here or there, the subject
will usually be found after the verb.
In examples on page 430, here and there are being
used as adverbs and answer Where?
Just like inverted questions, sentences with here or
there can be mentally rephrased to place subject in
normal position before noun. Just make logical
statement that does not begin with here or there.
Sentences beginning with here and
there continued.
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In some sentences, there is used just to get the
sentence started. In these situation, there is not an
adverb modifying the verb. Instead, it just fills out
the sentence. This is called an expletive.
Rephrasing a sentence with there as an expletive is
not always possible. Important thing to remember is
there will never be the subject.
Other Inverted Sentences
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In some sentences subject is placed after verb to
give it greater emphasis. These sentences can be
mentally rephrased for normal subject-verb order.
Page 432 exercise 13 out loud as a class.
In class work= page 438 exercises 14 and 15.
Chapter 20.3 Complements
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Complement- word or group of words that
completes the meaning of the predicate of a
sentence.
Direct Object
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Direct object (DO) is a noun or pronoun that receives
the action of a transitive action verb
Can determine whether a word is a DO by asking
Whom? or What? After an action verb.
Note- Intransitive action verbs will never have a direct
object
When a question is inverted, the DO is sometimes
located near beginning of sentence. To find DO, reword question as a statement.
Compound DO is when 2 or more nouns or pronouns
receive the action of same verb.
Exercise 20 on page 435 out loud.
DO or Object of a Preposition?
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The DO is never the object at the end of a
prepositional phrase.
Exercise 21 on page 436 out loud as a class.
Indirect Objects (IO)
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An IO is a noun or pronoun that appears with a
direct object and names the person or thin that
something is give to or done for.
A sentence cannot have an IO unless it has a DO.
Can find the IO by locating the DO and asking To
or for whom? or To or for what?
Exercise 22 on page 437 out loud as a class
IO or Object of a Preposition?
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An IO never immediately follows a preposition in a
sentence.
Subject Complements
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Subject complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective
that appears with a linking verb and tells something
about the subject of a sentence. Will almost always
be found after a linking verb.
Predicate Nominative
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Noun or pronoun that appears with a linking verb
and renames, identifies, or explains the subject of a
sentence.
Compound Predicate Nominative
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Two or more nouns that appear with a linking verb
and rename the subject of the sentence.
Exercise 25 on page 440 out loud.
Predicate Adjective
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An adjective that appears with a linking verb and
describes the subject of the sentence.
Compound predicate adjective is two or more
adjectives the appear with a linking verb and
describe the subject of the sentence.
Objective Complements
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An adjective or noun that appears with a direct
object (DO) and describes or renames it.
To find objective complement, say the verb and the
DO, and then ask What?
Page 441 exercise 27 out loud as a class.
In-class work
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Page 442 exercises 29, 30, 34, 35.