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BELL RINGER! * Re m em ber: Be l l Ri n g ers a re wo rt h 5 p o i n t s e a c h a n d t urn e d i n a t t he e n d o f e v er y u n i t ! Th e y c a n not be m a d e u p i f yo u a r e a bs e n t . • Is unemployment a personal or public issue? Explain. • How about obesity? Personal or public? Explain. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BINK6r1Wy78 SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION • C. Wright Mills- The Sociological Imagination (1959) – Task of sociology is to realize that individual circumstances are linked to the structure of society • Allows sociologists to focus on the common behaviors of groups of people not just the individual! SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Components of SI: 1. History: How societies come to be, change, and make history 2. Biography: What kinds of people live in a particular society 3. Social Structure: The power structure of groups and institutions within a society. SOCIAL SCIENCES • Sociology is considered a social science • Social sciences study of the social feature of humans and the ways in which they interact and change. • Social Sciences include: – Anthropology – Psychology – Economics – History – Political Science HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857) • Founder of Sociology • Coined the term sociology in 1838 • Ideas: – Theoretical science of society and investigation of behavior were needed to improve society – Different from natural sciences; comparative historical method (makes sociology unique) KARL MARX (1818-1883) • Widely known for economic theories, but primarily a social reformer (wanted change!) • Ideas: – A person’s social standing at birth determined the quality of his/her life and opportunities – Those who control the means of production will exploit the working class for their own financial gain – Imbalance of power leads to class struggle and, eventually, revolution! HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876) • Considered the first female sociologist • Ideas: – Noted inequalities in social class, gender and race – Criticized slavery from both moral and economic standpoints; supported abolition of slavery – Strongly criticized the state of education of women HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903) • Extremely popular European intellectual • Ideas: – Believed evolution could be applied to a multitude of sciences, including sociology – Compared society to a biological organism – Social Darwinism: The best ideas and groups in society survive and the worst become extinct EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917) • The first social scientist to apply methods of science to the study of sociology • Ideas: – Believed that behavior must be understood within a larger social context, not just in individualistic terms – Studied the consequences of work in modern societies MAX WEBER (1864-1920) • Humans act on the basis of their own understanding of a situation • Sociologists must work to understand the underlying beliefs and attitudes that guide human behavior. • Ideas: – Verstehen: Understanding social behavior by putting oneself in the place of others – Rationalization: Mindset that relies on knowledge and reason IDA WELLS-BARNETT (1862 – 1931) • Advocate in the women’s rights campaign • Analyzed society as a means of resisting oppression • Worked with Jane Addams (1860-1935) as an activist in the campaign for women’s right to vote W.E.B. DUBOIS (1868 – 1963) • Conducted research that he hoped would assist in the struggle for a racially egalitarian (equal) society • Conducted in-depth studies of urban life in major cities • Inspirational figure for many African American civil rights leaders