Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chapter 4: Atomic Structure Laboratory Chemistry You cannot see them, yet they make up everything… THE ATOM An atom is the smallest particle of an __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________. Theories Over Time The modern model of the atom has developed ___________________ over time as many philosophers and scientists ________________________________________________. Early Models of the Atom Let’s learn about the dead guys! Democritus Democritus was a ___________________________________________________________ who lived from 460 – 370 B.C. Democritus was the first __________________________________________________________________ Democritus believed that there where particles called “___________________”, which he believed ______________________________________________________________________________. “Atomos” in Greek means ________________________ Anton Lavoisier (late 1700s) Developed _______________________________________________________________________________ Matter cannot be ___________________ nor ____________________ Joseph Proust (late 1700s) Developed ________________________________________________________________________________ The particles of a pure substance are __________________________________________________. Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) John’s Dalton was ________________________________________________. Although many philosophers and scientists before him developed ideas of the atom, John Dalton was ____________________________________________________________________________ because Dalton was the first to use _____________________________________________. Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1.) All elements are ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.) Atoms ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.) Atoms of different elements can __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.) Chemical reactions occur when atoms ________________________. Atoms of one element are never ___________________________________________________________________________________. Dalton’s Atomic Theory Dalton’s atomic theory can be linked back to the ideas of _________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Subatomic Particles Much of Dalton’s theory remains true, however ________________________ __________________________________________________________________. Subatomic particles refers to the particles ___________________________________________. o __________________________ o __________________________ o __________________________ Electricity and the Atom Ben Franklin (1700s) o First to determine that there were ____________________________________________ _________________________ charges. Michael Faraday (1839) o Suggested that the structure of atoms _________________________________________ _____________________________________________. Electrons Electrons _______________________________________________________________ JJ Thompson was the first to ___________________________________________________________ using a __________________________________. JJ Thompson’s atomic model was called the plum pudding model Cathode Ray Tube Discovery of the Nucleus Rutherford’s __________________________________________Experiment Rutherford shot a beam of alpha particles (______________________________________________) at a very thin sheet of ___________________________. Rutherford expected the alpha particles to _______________________________________________ with a slight deflection from the positive charges spread throughout the gold foil Most of the particles went through the gold foil but Rutherford was surprised to find a ___________________________________________________________________________________. Rutherford’s Atomic Model Rutherford determined that… ___________________________________________________________________________________. The positive charge and almost all the mass are _______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________. The Nucleus The nucleus is composed of __________________________ and _____________________________ Protons have a _________________________________ Neutrons have _________________________________ (________________________) Therefore… the nucleus has a _________________________________________________________ Almost all of an atom’s mass ____________________________________________________________. Properties of Subatomic Particles Particle Symbol Relative Charge Actual Mass Electron 9.11 x 10-28 Proton 1.67 x 10-24 Neurton 1.67 x 10-24 Relative Mass What makes atoms different if they are all made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons? __________________________________________________________________________________________. Most importantly, the number of ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________. Atomic Number Elements are different because ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________. The atomic number = __________________________________________________ Mass Number The mass number = _______________________________________________________ Mass of electrons is ____________________________________ Calculating number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Atomic number and Mass number can be found on the periodic table Number of Protons = ____________________________________ Number of electrons = ____________________________________ Number of Neutrons = ____________________________________ Carbon p= n= e= Aluminum Lithium Hydrogen Silicon p= p= p= p= n= n= n= n= e= e= e= e= Isotopes An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons, but __________________________ ____________________________________________________ Therefore…. Isotopes have different ____________________________________ Atomic Mass o The atomic mass of an element is the ________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ o This is why the atomic masses on your periodic table are _______________________________________________________