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Group Two: Sonia Kopel, Bryan Goldstein, Chloe Walsh, Sloane Ackerman, Tim Hoer
Works Cited Basics
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The Works Cited Page should appear on the last page of the research paper and have
the same one-inch margins used throughout the paper. Additionally, the page number
and author’s last name should be used in the header just like the rest of the paper.
“Works Cited” should be centered, in regular font and size, at the top of the page.
Citations should be double spaced, without additional spaces between entries.
A hanging indent should be used so the second and subsequent lines of each entry are
indented.
Citations should be in alphabetical order by author’s last name. For works without a
known author, the title should be used in the alphabetical list.
Citation Basics - In MLA format, you use parenthetical citations.
When using Author-and Page Number, you cite like this:
Example-If the authors name is Woodworth and the Page Number is 26:
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
The period always goes on the outside of the quote.
For a source such as a book, magazine, or newspaper, provide an authors name and a page
number.
Example: Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals"
(Burke 3).
If the author of the text is unknown, use a shortened title of the work instead of the author’s
name and the page number.
Example: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely
because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and
more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change
. . . " ("Impact of Global Warming" 6)
If 2 authors have the same last names, use a first initial for each of them in addition to their last
name.
Example: Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead
to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages
for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
If there are multiple authors, list all of their names in the citation.
Example: The author’s state, "Tighter gun control in the United States
erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).
If you are citing something from the Internet, use the URL of the website in your citation.
Huck Finn
Things to keep in mind (3)
(1) Twain’s style/Humor
Sharp Wit
Sarcasm
Satire- Indirect mocking of a person, institution, art, idea, or event
The three major techniques of satire:
Parody- Mock by imitating
Reversal/Irony- Opposite of expectation
Verbal, Situational, and Dramatic Irony
Exaggeration- Taking things to extreme
Objects of Twain’s ridicule: racist southerners, carpetbaggers,
civilized/religious people, organized religion, swindlers and those who are
swindled, anyone from Arkansas, abolitionists, romantics/romanticism,
justice
(2) Setting:
In Mississippi Valley
Before Civil War (However written during reconstruction)
Dialect/Local Color
(3) The major ideas/motifs
Civilized vs. Uncivilized Society
Tranquility of nature vs. Corruption/Dangerous Discord of Society
Huck’s Family
Realistic and humorous satirical depiction adventures of a roguish hero from a
low social class (picaresque)
Moral/Psychological growth of Huck (Bildungsroman)
Superstition
Major Events:
Widow Douglass and Miss Watson try to civilize Huck
Gang of robbers formed
Huck gives all his money to Judge Thatcher
Pap returns and eventually kidnaps Huck
Huck fakes his own death and escapes through a hole he cut in the wall
Goes to Jackson’s Island where he runs into Jim who escaped because of fear he would
be sold down to New Orleans
Huck dresses as a girl. Finds out they need to leave. Head for Cairo
Find steamship and investigate: murderous robbers/thieves
Separated by ship hitting their raft
Huck Taken in by Grangerfords (feud with Shepherdsons)
Reunited with Jim
Meet King and Duke (swindlers)
In Arkansas, Sherburn kills a drunk (Boggs) and a mob tries to lynch him. Sherburn tells
them they are too cowardly, and they let him live
King and Duke’s scams: the “comedy,” stealing the inheritance of the three nieces (foiled
by Huck), and selling Jim
Huck goes to find Jim. Tom’s Aunt Sally has him. Pretends to be Tom. Finds real Tom
and tells him so as not to be foiled like the King and Duke
Tom and Huck plan an excessively elaborate escape for Jim
During the actual escape, Tom gets shot in the calf.
Jim risks (and loses) his freedom to help the doctor with Tom
Tom reveals Miss Watson died and Jim was set free in her will
Polly shows up and reveals Tom’s and Huck’s identities and that Pap is dead. She also
mentions that the $6,000 is still there. Huck decides to go West.
Major Characters:
Huck Finn
Jim
Tom Sawyer
Duke and King
Pap
Widow Douglass and Miss Watson
Judge Thatcher
The Grangerfords (Buck)
Aunt Sally
Polly
Parts of Speech
Nouns: are a person, place, thing, or idea (ie. the bus driver, the school, the rock, a blessing)
A proper noun is a specific person, place or thing, and is always capitalized (ie. Korea, Tim
Hoer, The United States)
A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames the
subject. (ie. Tim is the president.)
Pronouns: are used in place of a noun. (ie. she, he, myself, him, yours, these, that) There are
several types of pronouns which include: subjective, objective, possessive, demonstrative,
interrogative, indefinite, relative, intensive, reflective.
Verbs: are used to express action, state, or a relation between two things (ie. run, pass)
A linking verb connects a subject and its complement. Usually is followed by an adjective or
noun (predicate nominative/ adjectives). (ie. I am a Spartan.)
A helping verb makes a sentence more meaningful and is usually followed by an action verb or
linking verb. (ie. I am becoming a Spartan.)
Adjectives: modify nouns and pronouns. They usually appear before a noun or pronoun. They
communicate “what kind”, “how many”, and “which one”. (ie. smelly, cool)
Predicate Adjectives are adjectives that come after a linking verb and describe the subject.
(ie. That art display was cool.)
Adverbs: modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They communicate “how”, “when”, “where” and
“to what extent”. (ie. He ran quickly).
Prepositions: describe relationships between other words in a sentence. (ie. about, above
across, under, around)
Verbals
Gerund- phrase containing an “ing” words that is used as a noun
Can be used as:
1. subject (ex. Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.)
2. direct object (ex. They do not appreciate my singing.)
3. subject complement (ex. My cat’s favorite activity is sleeping.)
4. object of a preposition (ex. The police arrested him for speeding.)
Participles- (participial phrase) a verb phrase that is used as an adjective
Can be used as:
1. adjective (ex. Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river.) (present)
2. adjective (ex. The church, destroyed by an old fire, was never rebuilt.) (past)
Things to remember
1. It consists of a participle, a modifier, an object, and/or complements.
2. They must be placed as close to nouns they modify as possible to enhance clarity.
3. Use commas when it:
a. comes at the beginning of the sentence
b. interrupts a sentence as a nonessential element
c. comes at the end of a sentence and is separate from the word it modifies
Infinitives- phrase that starts with the word “to” and contains a verb in its simplest form
Can be used as:
1. adjective (ex. I have paper to write before class)
2. direct object (ex. Phil agreed to give me a ride.)