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Group Two: Sonia Kopel, Bryan Goldstein, Chloe Walsh, Sloane Ackerman, Tim Hoer Works Cited Basics ● ● ● ● ● The Works Cited Page should appear on the last page of the research paper and have the same one-inch margins used throughout the paper. Additionally, the page number and author’s last name should be used in the header just like the rest of the paper. “Works Cited” should be centered, in regular font and size, at the top of the page. Citations should be double spaced, without additional spaces between entries. A hanging indent should be used so the second and subsequent lines of each entry are indented. Citations should be in alphabetical order by author’s last name. For works without a known author, the title should be used in the alphabetical list. Citation Basics - In MLA format, you use parenthetical citations. When using Author-and Page Number, you cite like this: Example-If the authors name is Woodworth and the Page Number is 26: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). The period always goes on the outside of the quote. For a source such as a book, magazine, or newspaper, provide an authors name and a page number. Example: Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3). If the author of the text is unknown, use a shortened title of the work instead of the author’s name and the page number. Example: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . . " ("Impact of Global Warming" 6) If 2 authors have the same last names, use a first initial for each of them in addition to their last name. Example: Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46). If there are multiple authors, list all of their names in the citation. Example: The author’s state, "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76). If you are citing something from the Internet, use the URL of the website in your citation. Huck Finn Things to keep in mind (3) (1) Twain’s style/Humor Sharp Wit Sarcasm Satire- Indirect mocking of a person, institution, art, idea, or event The three major techniques of satire: Parody- Mock by imitating Reversal/Irony- Opposite of expectation Verbal, Situational, and Dramatic Irony Exaggeration- Taking things to extreme Objects of Twain’s ridicule: racist southerners, carpetbaggers, civilized/religious people, organized religion, swindlers and those who are swindled, anyone from Arkansas, abolitionists, romantics/romanticism, justice (2) Setting: In Mississippi Valley Before Civil War (However written during reconstruction) Dialect/Local Color (3) The major ideas/motifs Civilized vs. Uncivilized Society Tranquility of nature vs. Corruption/Dangerous Discord of Society Huck’s Family Realistic and humorous satirical depiction adventures of a roguish hero from a low social class (picaresque) Moral/Psychological growth of Huck (Bildungsroman) Superstition Major Events: Widow Douglass and Miss Watson try to civilize Huck Gang of robbers formed Huck gives all his money to Judge Thatcher Pap returns and eventually kidnaps Huck Huck fakes his own death and escapes through a hole he cut in the wall Goes to Jackson’s Island where he runs into Jim who escaped because of fear he would be sold down to New Orleans Huck dresses as a girl. Finds out they need to leave. Head for Cairo Find steamship and investigate: murderous robbers/thieves Separated by ship hitting their raft Huck Taken in by Grangerfords (feud with Shepherdsons) Reunited with Jim Meet King and Duke (swindlers) In Arkansas, Sherburn kills a drunk (Boggs) and a mob tries to lynch him. Sherburn tells them they are too cowardly, and they let him live King and Duke’s scams: the “comedy,” stealing the inheritance of the three nieces (foiled by Huck), and selling Jim Huck goes to find Jim. Tom’s Aunt Sally has him. Pretends to be Tom. Finds real Tom and tells him so as not to be foiled like the King and Duke Tom and Huck plan an excessively elaborate escape for Jim During the actual escape, Tom gets shot in the calf. Jim risks (and loses) his freedom to help the doctor with Tom Tom reveals Miss Watson died and Jim was set free in her will Polly shows up and reveals Tom’s and Huck’s identities and that Pap is dead. She also mentions that the $6,000 is still there. Huck decides to go West. Major Characters: Huck Finn Jim Tom Sawyer Duke and King Pap Widow Douglass and Miss Watson Judge Thatcher The Grangerfords (Buck) Aunt Sally Polly Parts of Speech Nouns: are a person, place, thing, or idea (ie. the bus driver, the school, the rock, a blessing) A proper noun is a specific person, place or thing, and is always capitalized (ie. Korea, Tim Hoer, The United States) A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames the subject. (ie. Tim is the president.) Pronouns: are used in place of a noun. (ie. she, he, myself, him, yours, these, that) There are several types of pronouns which include: subjective, objective, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite, relative, intensive, reflective. Verbs: are used to express action, state, or a relation between two things (ie. run, pass) A linking verb connects a subject and its complement. Usually is followed by an adjective or noun (predicate nominative/ adjectives). (ie. I am a Spartan.) A helping verb makes a sentence more meaningful and is usually followed by an action verb or linking verb. (ie. I am becoming a Spartan.) Adjectives: modify nouns and pronouns. They usually appear before a noun or pronoun. They communicate “what kind”, “how many”, and “which one”. (ie. smelly, cool) Predicate Adjectives are adjectives that come after a linking verb and describe the subject. (ie. That art display was cool.) Adverbs: modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They communicate “how”, “when”, “where” and “to what extent”. (ie. He ran quickly). Prepositions: describe relationships between other words in a sentence. (ie. about, above across, under, around) Verbals Gerund- phrase containing an “ing” words that is used as a noun Can be used as: 1. subject (ex. Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.) 2. direct object (ex. They do not appreciate my singing.) 3. subject complement (ex. My cat’s favorite activity is sleeping.) 4. object of a preposition (ex. The police arrested him for speeding.) Participles- (participial phrase) a verb phrase that is used as an adjective Can be used as: 1. adjective (ex. Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river.) (present) 2. adjective (ex. The church, destroyed by an old fire, was never rebuilt.) (past) Things to remember 1. It consists of a participle, a modifier, an object, and/or complements. 2. They must be placed as close to nouns they modify as possible to enhance clarity. 3. Use commas when it: a. comes at the beginning of the sentence b. interrupts a sentence as a nonessential element c. comes at the end of a sentence and is separate from the word it modifies Infinitives- phrase that starts with the word “to” and contains a verb in its simplest form Can be used as: 1. adjective (ex. I have paper to write before class) 2. direct object (ex. Phil agreed to give me a ride.)