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Grades 9-10 Language Standards : Conventions of Standard English Essential Questions: 1. Why is it important to have command of standard English conventions? 2. How do I determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word or usage? 3. How do words and their use influence language? 4. How does the depth of your vocabulary contribute to your ability to read, write, listen, and speak more effectively? Essential Vocabulary: phrase and clause, phrase types (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute), clause types (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial), parallel structure, syntax, conventions, semicolon, conjunctive adverb; dependent (subordinate) clause, colon College and Career Readiness Anchor Standard 1 for Language: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. L.9-10.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a. Use parallel structure.* b. Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations. Grade 9-10 Enduring Understandings Students will be able to… Students will understand… Students will know… Prior Background Knowledge Vocabulary: Required: • create parallel structures. • that meaning is Students will… constructed through • phrase and clause • use various types of adherence to standard • explain the function of phrases and clauses • phrase types (noun, verb, conventions. verbals (gerunds, purposefully. adjectival, adverbial, etc.) participles, infinitives) in • that the sentence • clause types (independent, general and their function structuring process must dependent, etc.) in particular sentences. be purposeful. • parallel structure • form and use verbs in the • that mastering • syntax active and passive voice. conventions can aide • conventions reading comprehension. • form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood. • recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood. X Adoption Date: July 22, 2013 College and Career Readiness Anchor Standard 2 for Language: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. L.9-10.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. a. Use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses. b. Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation. c. Spell correctly. Grades 9-10 Enduring Understandings Students will be able to… Students will understand… Students will know… Prior Background Knowledge Vocabulary: Required: • use a semicolon to link two • that proper conventions Students will… or more closely related must be used to effectively • independent clause independent clauses. convey meaning. • know rules of • semicolon capitalization. • use a colon to introduce a • that accurate spelling • conjunctive adverb list or quotation. creates professional • know how to use • colon writing. proofreading tools like • spell correctly. • dependent (subordinate) spellcheck or a dictionary. • that complexity of purpose clause can require complex • have visual recognition of structures. punctuation marks. • know clauses and phrases. X Adoption Date: July 22, 2013 Grade 9-10 Language Standards : Knowledge of Language Essential Questions: 1. Why is it important to have command of standard English conventions? 2. How do I determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word or usage? 3. How do words and their use influence language? 4. How does the depth of your vocabulary contribute to your ability to read, write, listen, and speak more effectively? Essential Vocabulary: citations, works cited page, plagiarism, format, documentation, style manual College and Career Readiness Anchor Standard 3 for Language: Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. 9-10.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, including cultural contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. a. Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual (e.g., MLA Handbook, Turabian’s Manual for Writers) appropriate for the discipline and writing type. Grade 9-10 Enduring Understandings Students will be able to… Students will understand… Students will know… Prior Background Knowledge Vocabulary: Required: • adapt writing type to the • that seeking and using Students will… discipline’s specific style resources is necessary. • citations requirements. • use verbs in the active and • that language functions in • works cited page passive voice and in the different contexts. • write following specific • plagiarism conditional and subjunctive guidelines using a resource • that effective choices need • format mood to achieve particular such as the MLA to be made to enhance • documentation effects (e.g., emphasizing handbook, etc. meaning or style. • style manual the actor or action; expressing uncertainty or describing a state contrary to fact). X Adoption Date: July 22, 2013 Grade 9-10 Language Standards : Vocabulary Acquisition and Use Essential Questions: 1. Why is it important to have command of standard English conventions? 2. How do I determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word or usage? 3. How do words and their use influence language? 4. How does the depth of your vocabulary contribute to your ability to read, write, listen, and speak more effectively? Essential Vocabulary: context clues, signal words, connotation, denotation, euphemism, oxymoron, colloquial, idiom, nuance, cultural diversity, etymology, domain and grade-specific vocabulary College and Career Readiness Anchor Standard 4 for Language: Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful word parts, and consulting general and specialized reference materials, as appropriate. 9-10.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9–10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies, recognizing the role culture plays in the development of language. a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. b. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy). c. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology. d. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary). Grade 9-10 Enduring Understandings Students will be able to… Students will understand… Students will know… Prior Background Knowledge Vocabulary: Required: • consult appropriate print • that they can find the Students will… and digital reference meaning of unfamiliar • context clues materials. words by using decoding • have a working knowledge • signal words strategies, context, or word of roots, prefixes, and • use patterns of word • connotation patterns before consulting suffixes. changes correctly. • denotation reference materials. • use dictionary, thesaurus, • verify and determine the • etymology and/or glossary. meanings of words. X Adoption Date: July 22, 2013 College and Career Readiness Anchor Standard 5 for Language: Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. 9-10. 5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, cultural diversity, and nuances in word meanings. a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., euphemism, oxymoron) in context and analyze their role in the text. b. Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations. Grade 9-10 Enduring Understandings Students will be able to… Students will understand… Students will know… Prior Background Knowledge Vocabulary: Required: • analyze the effect of • that figurative language Students will… figurative language devices can change according to • euphemism on the meaning and culture. • interpret figures of speech • oxymoron purpose of the text. (e.g., verbal irony, puns) in • that nuances (subtle • colloquial context. • interpret figures of speech distinction or variation) • idiom and nuance. determine context • use the relationship • nuance meaning. between particular words • cultural diversity to better understand each of the words. • distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute). • recognize the influence time, culture, gender, and social relationships have upon word meaning. X Adoption Date: July 22, 2013 College and Career Readiness Anchor Standard 6 for Language: Acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. 9-10.6 Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. Grade 9-10 Enduring Understandings Students will be able to… Students will understand… Students will know… Prior Background Knowledge Vocabulary: Required: • acquire and use accurately • that general academic and Students will… grade-appropriate general domain-specific words • domain and grade-specific academic and domainand phrases increase vocabulary • acquire and use accurately specific words and phrases. written and oral language grade-appropriate general skills. academic and domain• demonstrate independence specific words and phrases. in gathering vocabulary • that choosing specific knowledge using multiple words or phrases can aid • gather vocabulary references. in comprehension and knowledge when expression. considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. X Adoption Date: July 22, 2013