Download The Greek City-States Classical Greece

The Greek City-States
Classical Greece
WHI Ch. 4 (2 &3)
pp. 115-125
From yesterday( Pg110)
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Why are the poems still read today?
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Homer is still read today because he
was a great poet, and his poems teach
eternal values such as courage and
honor
Polis – “City State” 750 BC
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City-state
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Central focus of
Greek life
One’s identity
Acropolis
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Center of Greek
city-state, fortified
hill, temple
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Met for political,
social & religious
activities
Agora
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Marketplace
Base of acropolis
“Greek” Community of the city
state
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Common goals, identity, religion
Citizens - political rights (males)
Citizens – no political rights (females
and children
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Parents born in the city-state in which he
resides
Non Citizen – A laborers, slaves,
resident aliens
Citizen Rights and
Responsibilities

“we must rather regard every citizen as
belonging to the state
Positives – Fiercely Patriotic, Independent
Negatives – City-States distrust each other
Compare and Contrast
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In groups of 5-7
Compare and contrast Sparta &
Athens on a large white sheet of
paper(on back counter)
Make sure to include at least 5
symbols or pictures
Greek Expansion
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750 BC - 550 BC
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Coast of S. Italy, S. France, E. Spain, and
N. Africa
Spread culture and political ideas
Farmland and expand trade
Establish new Polis
Creates Rich Merchant class
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Want political power
Unable to take political power from
landowning aristocracy
Tyranny in the City-States
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Tyrants
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Sieze power by force
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Support
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Not wicked or evil
Rich – want Power and Prestige
Poor – in debt to land owners
Create public works to increase
popularity

Markets, temples, walls etc
From today

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What was the center of Greek life by
750 BC? (pg 112)
what could be expected to happen
after the aristocrats broke the rule of
the tyrants? Pg 114
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The Polis
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Breaking such a tradition as rule of the
aristocracy could be expected to open the
door for change.
Tale of two city states
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Athens Greece
You will be assigned on of the
following city-states
Fill in your sheet(by yourself) with the
correct information for each prompt
Posters

Fill out your poster

DON’T HAVE ONLY ONE PERSON
WRITING, Multiple people should be
writing and helping
Athens
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TRADE, NAVY
Government
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King, polemarch, archon
Period of tyrants (reformers >> democracy)
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Draco: 620 BC, harsh code of laws
(draconian), punished debt and violent crime
Council of 400, 500
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Democratic element
Citizens: duty
Today

At the beginning of class find a person
who has the other city on your sheet
and make sure you fill it in.
Lifestyle of Athenians
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Moderation, “Nothing in excess”
Architecture
Poetry
Drama
Philosophy
Education and Intellectual pursuits
Illiad/Odyssey, rhetoric, music, geometry,
Arithmetic, P.E. for boys
Girls learned household chores, married around
age 14

Sparta
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FARMING, ARMY
Located on the Peloponnesus
Population:
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Spartans: 10%, ruling class,
males=citizens
Perioeci: 30%, merchants, artisans,
farmers, free, few political rights
Helots: 60%, slaves, worked land
Sparta
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Government
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2 Kings who ruled jointly
Assembly
Ephors: overseers, 5
Council of Elders (Senate): citizens over
the age of 60, assisted ephors, proposed
laws, acted as a court
Sparta: Military
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Newborns: examined by ephors
7 years: military training camp
20 years: citizen-soldiers, farmers
30 years: expected to marry, still lived
with other soldiers
60 years: retired, serve government
Spartan Women
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Tough, strong, athletic
Ran their households
Raised healthy, strong children
Spartan Lifestyle
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Militaristic
Simplistic
Non-luxurious
Not artistic
Not intellectual
Practical
Self-reliance
A hoplite
Persian Wars 499-479 BC
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Athens = democratic
Sparta = militaristic
Even though they had their differences, they
were still GREEK and saw non-Greeks as
Barbarians.
Commonalities: language, gods, poems,
athletics, etc.
Greek city states viewed Persia as a
common threat. P. 122
Greek Military Arts
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Phalanx-- military formation
where infantry masses in
formation with pikes and
charges the enemy
Trireme-- fast ship rowed by
slaves; sink enemy by
ramming
Greek Fire--like napalm;
used to set opposing ships
on fire
Superior Leadership:
devotion to Polis
4:14-7:30
Persian Wars
1.
Athenian army
wins decisive
victory over
Persians (Darius)
at Marathon.
1.
2.
490 BC
Pheidippides:
Marathon to
Athens, “Nike”
Persian Wars
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2. Greek force, led by Spartans, falls
to Persian army (Xerxes) at
Thermopylae
1.
2.
3.
486 BC
180,000 v. 7,000
Mountain pass
Persian Wars
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3. Persians sack
and burn Athens
1.
2.
480 BC
Many fled to
Salamis
Xerxes
Persian Wars
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4. Greek fleet
defeats Persian
navy at Salamis
1.
2.
479 BC
Narrow passage:
small Greek ships
outmaneuvered
Persian ships
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1:23-
Persian Wars
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5. Greeks defeated Persians at
Plataea and end the war.
1.
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479 BC
Golden Age of Greece begins
between the end of the Persian Wars
(479 BC) and the Peloponnesian
Wars (431 BC).
Athens: Age of Pericles
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“Golden Age” 461-429 BC
Direct democracy
Ostracism: 6,000 votes
Rebuilding program
“School of Greece”
Arts, philosophy, drama, science
Athens: Pericles
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Greatest leader of Athens
Strategos, archon 461-429 BC
(elected)
Served between Persian and
Peloponnesian Wars
Democratic leader
Public Works (Parthenon)
Died during a plague in Athens
Athens's Parthenon
Temple of the goddess, Athena
Took 15 years to build
Built after the Persian invasion of Athens
Built in the Doric style
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4:54-end
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0:32-1:20
The Ascendancy of Athens and
the Delian League
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Athens prestige grew with
victory
Set up Delian League to
guard against future Persian
incursions (money and
weapons cache)
High Point of Athenian
Power and Influence
The Spartans created the
Peloponnesian League
Peloponnesian War
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431- 404 BC
Athens v. Sparta
0:45-
Peloponnesian War
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431 BC
1. Sparta invaded the countryside
near Athens.
2. Pericles brought Athenians inside
the city walls, making it a naval battle.
Peloponnesian War
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429 BC
3. Athens weakened by plague.
Pericles dies.
4. War ensued for 25 years.
6:05-
Peloponnesian Wars
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405 BC
5. Spartans win (defeat Athenian navy
at Aegospotami).
Results of the Peloponnesian
Wars
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Spartans suffered, power decreased
Disaster to all Greeks
Decline of population
Unemployment
Waste of resources
Fighting over new governments
Overall weakened
Macedonia invades Greece: 350s BC
Alexander the Great