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The United States in World War II Chapter 17 Mobilizing for Defense Section 1 Americans Join the war effort Japan underestimated American resolve Americans enraged, volunteer for duty 5 million volunteer, but draft still needed Draft provides another 10 million Americans inexperienced, but eager for combat 8 week basic training Expanding the Military George Marshall WAAC What types of role did women play in the war? How did minorities feel about the war? Minorities had a huge role in World War II Navajo code talkers A Production Miracle War effected every aspect of life Factories converted to war production Stopped producing cars How did World War II help improve the economy and the lives of Americans? Who was A. Phillip Randolph? Mobilization of Scientists ORSD is created Office of Scientific Research and Development Developed new technologies Radar, sonar, pesticides, drugs ,weapons Manhattan Project Atomic Bomb Federal Government Takes Control How did the government take control of the economy? OPA Froze prices Taxes raised War Bonds War Production Board Rationing What was rationed? The War for Europe and N. Africa Section 2 U.S. Enters the War Soviet Union fights on in the East N. Africa campaign Italian Campaign D-Day Allies Liberate Europe Unconditional Surrender http://www.worldology.com/Europe/world_war_2_imap.htm The U.S. and U.K. Join Forces Churchill and FDR meet to decide war plans Become good friends Decide to focus on Germany and Europe first The Battle of the Atlantic Submarine warfare against Allied ships Prevent food and materials from getting to Allies Starve Britain into submission German wolfpacks destroy 681 allied ships in 7 months Convoy system, radar, planes destroy German subs U.S. destroys them faster than Germans can make them U.S. builds 140 ships/month The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean The Battle of Stalingrad Winter of 1943 Huge turning point in the war Harsh winter stops Germans from reaching moscow Hitler wants to destroy Stalingrad, reach oil fields Situation desperate Stalin orders to defend Stalingrad to the death The Battle of Stalingrad Germany controls 9/10 of city by September Another harsh winter hits Massive counter offensive by Soviets Surround Germans Hitler tells German generals to stay and fight Big mistake by Hitler German commander surrenders January 31, 1943 Soviets lose 1.1 million soldiers Soviets now have them momentum North Africa Stalin wanted a Western Front Soviets taking sever losses in East U.S. and Britain not ready to invade Europe Eisenhower vs Rommell Victory for the Allies Map on pg 572 The Italian Campaign Allied leaders agree to only accept unconditional surrender of Axis Debate on where to invade next English channel seen as too risky still Decide to invade Italy Battle of Anzio Italy not freed until 1945 Heroes in Combat Tuskegee Airman Buffalo Soldiers Mexican Soldiers- 17 medal of honors Japanese Americans Navajo code talkers The Allies Liberate Europe D-Day D-Day June 6, 1944- Normandy France Operation Overlord Massive invasion of Europe 3 million American, British, Canadian troops Had to keep plan secrete, trick Nazis Hitler kept army at Calais- 150 miles away from Normandy D-Day Originally set for June 5th, weather delay Paratroopers invaded the night before behind enemy lines Largest invasion in history Omaha Beach Invasion is a success despite obstacles Allies Gain Ground D-Day allows Allies foothold in France Omar Bradley- massive offensive at St. Lo General Patton liberates France France was under Nazi occupation for 4 years By September 1944 the Allies had liberated France, Belgium, and Luxembourg FDR wins 4th term behind Allied success Battle of the Bulge Last push by Hitler to turn the tide of the War Bastogne- importance Massive German offensive Created bulge in the line Malmedy masacre Americans surrounded- 101st airborne “Nuts”!!!! Allies prevail, Germany is on the run End is just a matter of time Battle of the Bulge Liberation of Death Camps Liberation of Death Camps Soviet troops first to liberate death camps in Poland SS hurried to kill and burn all of the victims- evidence Nazis ran out of time Liberators found massive murder machines 800,000 pairs of shoes at Majdanek A Personal Voice- pg 576 Unconditional Surrender April 1945 Soviets take Berlin (Allies allow them to get there first) April 29- Hitler marries Eva Braun, commits suicide next day Last address to German people- blames Jews for War VE Day- unconditional surrender 1 week later FDR’s Death FDR dies on April 12, 1945 Stroke Doesn’t live to see VE or VJ day Harry Truman becomes president Discussion Questions Why did the Allies win the war? Was Hitler’s defeat inevitable? Could D-Day have been a failure? What was FDR’s legacy? How could the Holocaust have occurred? The War in the Pacific Section 3 Japanese Advances 6 months after Pearl Harbor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsWiYOgKdp8 Japanese create massive empire (much larger than Hitler’s) What areas did they conquer? Americans defeated in Philippines General Douglas MacArthur “I shall return” Doolittle Raid/Coral Sea Spring 1942 Americans begin to turn the tide Surprise raid on Japan Risky Bombers off aircraft carriers Pearl Harbor movie Battle of Coral Sea Prevented Japanese from invading Australia Battle of Midway Turning point in Pacific War Huge Naval battle U.S. breaks Japanese Naval Code Chester Nimitz Japanese lose 4 aircraft carriers- devastating Allies begin island hopping Allies On The Offensive Begin on Guadalcanal and Solomon Islands August 1942 19,000 U.S. troops Island of Death First Japanese defeat on land Japanese suffer defeats on Islands through out Paficic General MacArthur returns to Philippines in 1944 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrUOtrQUOYI&feature=relmfu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p93Uoj-Qmtw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAUUdcSEi0s Japanese Defense Kamikaze Banzai attacks Propaganda, believe they should fight to the death Surrender was dishonorable Iwo Jima Sulfur Island Mt. Surabachi Heavily fortified, most heavily defended spot on Earth Days of heavy artillery bombardment does nothing 6,000 Americans die taking Island 200 of 20,000 Japanese survive http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_STOvfNxXPs&feature= relmfu Okinawa April 1945 Close to Japan Fighting gets more fierce Kamikaze attacks 7,600 Americans KIA 110,000 Japanese KIA Forecast of what to come if invading Japan Churchill predicts 1 million U.S. lives will be lost http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko_NfgpYdOM&feature=relmfu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dARSvPDoJag&feature=youtu.be The Atomic Bomb The Atomic Bomb Invasion would have huge costs Atomic bomb could save American lives J. Robert Oppenheimer Ambitious scientific project Best kept secret of the war Difficult decision for Truman Was it the right Decision? Pair Share Hiroshima and Nagasaki Hiroshima August 6th Nagasaki 3 days later 200,000 die in Nagasaki Emperor Hirohito signs unconditional surrender of Japan VJ day September 2, 1945 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4UkdFPpzdI&feat ure=relmfu Rebuilding Begins Rebuild Europe and Japan Not make mistakes from WWI War Criminals Occupation Yalta Conference Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill meet Big 3 How to shape the world when war ends Stalin wants harsh approach on Germany Churchill disagrees Who is right? FDR mediates Why is the Soviets important to the U.S.? Yalta Conferences Divide Germany Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe Stalin agrees to join war vs Japan FDR dream of a UN becomes reality Nuremberg War Trials War crimes against the Nazis 24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes 12 are sentenced to death 200 more brought to justice in later trials Many people involved in Holocaust go free