Download 2016 Linn Floriculture Exam Rubbing the seed coat with sandpaper

2016 Linn Floriculture Exam
1. Rubbing the seed coat with sandpaper is an example of :
a. Stratification
b. Germination
c. Manual Scarification
d. Chemical scarification
2. The germination process begins as soon as:
a. The seed absorbs water
b. The seed is exposed to light
c. The seed is taken out of the packet
d. The seed is placed in growing medium
3. What type of mouth part does a spidermite have?
a. Chewing
b. Piercing-Sucking
c. Rasping-Lapping
d. Scissors
4. Which propagation method allows a mass production of plants in a short amount of time?
a. Tissue culture
b. Grafting
c. Cuttings
d. Layering
5. Which of the following is NOT an air pollutant that may impair plant growth and yield?
a. Chlorine
b. Natural Gas
c. Sulfur Dioxide
d. Carbon Dioxide
6. Which of the following is essential for plant respiration?
a. Carbon Dioxide
b. Oxygen
c. Hydrogen
d. Carbon Monoxide
7. Which crop represents the LOWEST percentage of total sales in Missouri?
a. Cut Flowers
b. Foliage Plants
c. Potted Flowering Plants
d. Bedding and Garden Plants
8. Which of the following is NOT an additional outdoor growing structure?
a. Raised Bed
b. Coldframe
c. Hotbed
d. Lath house
9. Which of the following is NOT a way to determine which types of plants customers want?
a. Market analysis
b. Visiting retail nurseries
c. Looking at profit margins
d. Read trade journals such as Greenhouse Manager
10. Poisonous gases released in a sealed greenhouse and kill insects as they breath or absorb the chemicals are:
a. Growth regulators
b. Fumigants
c. Contact pesticides
d. Pheromones
11. The two basic types of greenhouses are:
a. Quonset and even span
b. Even span and uneven span
c. Ridge and furrow and single standing
d. Freestanding and connected
12. Fertilizing, irrigation and aeration are examples of which pest management control method?
a. Biological
b. Chemical
c. Cultural
d. Mechanical
13. How often does a state entomologist examine plants for pest infestations?
a. Once a year
b. Twice a year
c. Once a month
d. Once every 2 months
14. Chromoplasts contain _____.
a. Cholorphyll
b. Green pigment
c. Red, orange, and yellow pigment
d. All the above
15. Which is a modified stem?
a. Stolon
b. Tendril
c. Thorn
d. Bract
16. The interior layout of a greenhouse depends on which 2 factors?
a. How the greenhouse is used and what type of crop is grown
b. When the greenhouse is open and how many customers there are
c. What plants are being grown and the temperature inside
d. It really doesn’t matter
17. The picture at the right is which benching layout?
a. Lengthwise
b. Crosswise
c. Horizontal
d. Peninsular
18. Which method of heat loss occurs when warm objects emit energy that passes through the air to colder objects
but does not warm the surrounding air to any degree?
a. Conduction
b. Infiltration
c. Radiation
d. Diffusion
19. How is heat measured?
a. Btu
b. PSI
c. Mg/Kg
d. Nanometers
20. Which of the following are the basic irrigation methods?
a. Manual and automatic
b. Overhead, surface and subsurface
c. Capillary mat, boom, and spray/stake nozzle
d. Manual, automatic, semi-automatic
21. If a plant has both male and female flowers on different parts of the same plant it is said to be:
a. Monoecious
b. Dioecious
c. Co- pollinating
d. Complete
22. A deficiency that causes reduced plant growth and dead spots on the leaves is:
a. Sulfur
b. Calcium
c. Potassium
d. Nitrogen
23. Bait, dust, and granular are examples of which form of pesticide?
a. Liquid
b. Dry
c. Time released
d. Aerosol
24. A pesticide toxicity may be transmitted by which means?
a. Oral
b. Inhaled
c. Dermal
d. All the above
25. The best time to transplant seedlings is:
a. As soon as it emerges
b. After the first set of true leaves appears
c. After the 2nd set of true leaves appear
d. As soon as the plant is one inch long
26. Direct light and intense heat is harmful to:
a. Cuttings
b. Seedlings
c. Bulbs
d. None of the above
27. If a plant is feed at a rate of 350 ppm Nitrogen of a 20-20-10 fertilizer, what is the rate of phosphorus?
a. 175 ppm
b. 200 ppm
c. 250 ppm
d. 350 ppm
28. The proportion of nutrients in the fertilizer formulation is called:
a. Macronutrients
b. Micronutrients
c. Fertilizer analysis
d. Complete fertilizer
29. What controls the availability of nutrient uptake into the plant?
a. pH
b. macronutrients
c. micronutrients
d. soil amendments
30. Which essential nutrients make up 89% of the plant’s content by dry weight?
a. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
b. Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen
c. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
d. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
31. Which is the most common material used in plant containers?
a. Peat
b. Clay
c. Plastic
d. Cardboard
32. Whether retail or wholesale, plants are grown for which purposes?
a. Edible or ornamental
b. Perennials, annual and biennials
c. Hardiness and tenderness
d. None of the above
33. Soilless mixes are composed of:
a. Organic elements and mineral amendments
b. Soil from the ground that has been sterilized
c. A high pH
d. A low pH
34. How the three types of soil particles are arranged and combined is:
a. Structure
b. Texture
c. CEC
d. Permeability
35. If soil contains equal amounts of sand, silt and clay it is considered to be a:
a. Loess soil
b. Loam soil
c. Balanced soil
d. Perfect soil
36. Plants that are shorter, darker, and have hardened tissues have been grown under _____ light.
a. White
b. Red
c. Far red
d. Blue
37. At noon on a clear sunny day, the f.c. value is:
a. 500
b. 1000
c. 2,500
d. 10,000
38. Plants that continue to grow from year to year are:
a. Biennials
b. Annuals
c. Perennials
d. All the above
39. Modified leaves that are pouch-like and hold water are:
a. Xeromorphic
b. Sacs
c. Hydrophytes
d. Thorns
40. The three basic leaf arrangements are:
a. Alternate, lobed, serrate
b. Acute, obtuse, cordate
c. Round, alternate, opposite
d. Whorl, alternate, opposite
41. Which greenhouse structure is pictured to the right?
a. Even span
b. Uneven span
c. Gothic Arch
d. Ridge and Furrow
42. What is the ideal % of air and water combined in a soil?
a. 25%
b. 35%
c. 50%
d. 75%
43. A flower pot measuring equal diameter and height would be:
a. Rose pot
b. Bulb pot
c. Standard pot
d. Azalea pot
44. This material is formed when a mixture of basalt, coke and limestone is melted at 2,700 to 2,900° F:
a. Peat
b. Rock Wool
c. COIR
d. Calcined Clay
45. Which method of soil pasteurization is neither efficient nor Cost-effective?
a. Electrical
b. Chemical
c. Steam
d. CEC
46. The image to the right is a picture of what?
a. Coldfarme
b. Hotbed
c. Lathhouse
d. Modified Greenhouse
47. During peak use, what is the water requirement per square foot per day?
a. 2 quarts
b. 2 gallons
c. 5 gallons
d. 1 gallon
48. Which area of horticulture focuses on growing fruit and nuts?
a. Floriculture
b. Olericulture
c. Ornamental
d. Pomology
49. Which country is known for growing seeds or geraniums, petunias and impatiens?
a. Netherlands
b. Central & South America
c. Kenya
d. New Zealand
50. What are the 2 types of aerial roots?
a. Tap and fibrous
b. Adventitious and aquatic
c. Clinging and absorptive
d. Clinging and aquatic
51. Chenille stems:
a. Come in a variety of colors
b. Are large pipe cleaners
c. are used to attach bows to arrangements
d. All the above
52. Which color harmonies include the use of two or more colors located near each other on the color wheel?
a. Monochromatic
b. Analogous
c. Complementary
53. PolychromaticWhat is the best temperature range to store cut flowers and foliage?
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
a. 28-30 degrees Fahrenheit
b. 30-34 degrees Fahrenheit
c. 34-40 degrees Fahrenheit
d. Above 40 degrees Fahrenheit
Which of the following is an example of a common potted foliage plant?
a. Nerve plant
b. Petunia
c. Carnation
d. Leatherleaf fern
If a container is 10 inches tall, how tall should the finished floral arrangement be?
a. 9-12 inches
b. 10-15 inches
c. 15-20 inches
d. 12-18 inches
Wire comes in gauges ranging from #16 to #30. What can be said about gauges of wire?
a. The larger the gauge, the thicker the wire
b. The smaller the gauge, the thicker the wire
c. The larger the gauge, the longer the wire
d. The smaller the gauge , the shorter the wire
Which of the following is a straight line arrangement?
a. Asymmetrical triangle
b. Botanical
c. Biedermeier
d. phoenix
Arrangements that require little or no time, labor, and creative design talent would use which ratio method to
figure selling price?
a. 5:1
b. 4:1
c. 3:1
d. 2:1
The picture to the right shows which leaf arrangement?
a. Alternate
b. Opposite
c. Whorl
d. None of the above
The reproductive parts of the plant are:
a. Stamen and pistil
b. Sepals and petals
c. Filament & petals
d. Stigma and sepals
61. The leaf margin pictured to the right is:
a. Entire
b. Serrate
c. Denate
d. Crenate
62. The picture to the right shows which leaf venation?
a. Palmate
b. Parallel
c. Pinnate
d. Compound
63. How should most cut foliage be stored?
a. Wrapped and stored dry in the cooler
b. Ends cut and in a bucket of water in the cooler
c. Stored with flowers in the cooler
d. In a cooler at 45 degrees Fahrenheit
64. An example of a contemporary design is:
a. Crescent
b. Mille fleurs
c. Hogarth
d. Inverted T
65. Which of the following is NOT found on a care tag?
a. Plant name
b. Optimum light conditions
c. Frequency of watering
d. Distributor of the plant
66. What are the major kinds of plant dyes?
a. Dip dyes and Stem dyes
b. Aerosol dyes and stem dyes
c. Dip paint and aerosols
d. Stem dyes and paint
67. Orchid grass is used to:
a. Decorate a corsage box
b. Cushion flowers
c. Are commonly the colors of the rainbow
d. Used as raffia
68. A jiffy bow is:
a. A pre-made bow
b. A pull bow
c. Best used for packages
d. All the above
69. What is the biggest disadvantage of using a wicker basket in floral arrangements?
a. They cannot be re-used
b. They are not biodegradable
c. They need a liner added
d. They do not drain well
70. Which wiring method is most used for daffodils?
a. Hook wire
b. Insertion
c. Hairpin
d. Clutch
71. To help keep flowers and foliage fresh longer when placing them in a box, mist them with:
a. Water
b. A diluted bleach solution
c. A light oil
d. All the above
72. Which of the following is not a basic element of design?
a. Color
b. Balance
c. Line
d. Pattern
73. The ribbon size most preferred by florists for corsages is:
a. # 1.5
b. #3
c. #5
d. #9
74. If material costs for an arrangement requiring much time, labor and design talent is $15.00, using the ratio
method, what is the selling price?
a. $15.00
b. $45.00
c. $75.00
d. $90.00
75. The chief use of _________ is attaching bows to potted plants.
a. Corsage pins
b. Wooden picks
c. Anchor pins
d. Greening pins