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Anatomy and Physiology
Introduction and Anatomical Terms Review
Completion: add the word or words that correctly complete each of the following statements.
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1.
The study of the body structures without the use of a microscope is known as ÿ"Lÿ,ÿ dLÿGLÿ'Lÿ ÿ'TÿMk..
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2.
For histologic anatomy, it is important that one employ a t%Iÿk'ÿAÿC6(ÿOÿ
3.
One of the branches of physiology is cytology, which is the study of ÿPÿ\\ÿ
4.
The fundamental unit of all living things, including the human body, is the
5.
A group of cells working together to perform the same functionÿrepresents a
6.
The steady state equilibrium existing in the body is known as
7.
The cells of an organism and the organism itself remains relatively constant in its chemical environment and in
L)
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its Qtÿ.ÿ \ ÿ..,Cÿ!
L
,
,ÿ .ÿ'\ ÿ9 ÿ.[ÿ)Q ÿ ÿ_'.ÿ.ÿ, ".
Among the systems that contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis are the nervous system and the
9. An imbalance in the internal environment and disturbance of homeostasis are both created by
10. A system in which information decreases the system's output and brings the system back to its setpoint is a
11. The system in which information is returned in order to increase the deviation from the original setpoint is a
-
12. The body is erect with eyes forward, feet togethe,G arms at the side, and palms up in the
13. In speaking of a direction toward the ront of the body on the belly side, one uses the term
)(ÿ\ÿ
14. Although the term dorsal is sometimes used, the preferred term when referring to the back side of a human is
15. In anatomical nomenclature, the term superior refers to an aspect of the body toward the ÿ[ÿ -"(ÿ
.
16. In anatomical terms, the abdomen is said to be inferior to the ÿ[cÿ(ÿlÿ
17. The anatomical term referring to a side away from the midline is \Ok ÿ ÿ(ÿ Oÿk
18. The term proximÿ refers to a direction closer to the attachment point of an extremity to the body
19. In the anatomical literature, the hand would be considered distal to the tÿ
ÿ "
20. A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sides represents a ÿ(-ÿ_ÿ,,
. Jÿ"(--ÿ\ÿ
plane.
21. A longitudinal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is a frontal plane, also known as a
(--ÿ!,ÿ)ÿ O \-ÿ Okÿk plane.
22. A horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts and is also known as a
(-ÿ"-ÿ \)Q-'ÿ'ÿO, plane.
23. The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into the spinal cavity and the (ÿ]k"ÿ, ÿi\ (_ÿ cavity.
24. Two major subdivisions of the ventral body cavit6y are the abdominopelvic cavity and the
"ÿ-ÿ \'..2 ÿ L ÿ ÿA.£ÿ
cavity.
25. The heart lies in the ÿ'ÿ? ÿ*,\ (:iÿ ÿ (, ÿd\\ (ÿ_k.
cavity.
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26. The large dome-shaped muscle separating the abdominopelvic cavity from the thoracic cavity is the
27. Immediately superior to the umbilical region is a region of the abdominopelvic cavity known as the
28. Lateral to the hypogastric region of the abdominopelvic cavity is the iliac region, also called the
\ÿ(ÿ,,, ,ÿ i \ÿ, ()J
region.
29. Among the three serous membranes of the bodty are the peritoneum, the pleura, and the
30. The three serous membranes of the body have both visceral portions and ÿOÿ ÿ L G_-ÿ(_ÿL.ÿ,
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portions.
Multiple Choice: circle the letter of the item that correctly completes each statement.
31. The discipline of histologic anatomy is concerned primarily with
a. The development of the individual
ÿ-he microscopic observations of cells and tissues
b. The study of the kidney
d. The study of the brain
32. The fundamental unit of living things is the
a. Tissue
.) Cell
c. Organ
d. Organ system
33. When the needs of the body's cells are met and the activities of the body are occurring smoothly, then the body
is said to be in
-ÿ Homeostasis Growth
c.
b. Anabolic metabolism
d. Ipsilateral motion
34. A feedback system operating in the body may be
or
_ÿ Positive
negative
b. Lateral or contralateral
c. Regulatory or enabling
d. Proximal or distal
35. All of the following characteristics apply to the body in the anatomical position except
a. The eyes are forward
b. The arms are at the sides
c. The feet are together
"dÿThe palms are down with the thumbs pointing to the body
36. Which of the following structures would be considered on the anterior aspect of the body?
a. The back ofthe head
c. The ears
bÿ. The navel
d. The elbows
37. In relationship to the stomach, the spinal cord is
a. Lateral
c. Anterior
. Posterior
d. Ventral
38. The directional term referring to an area toward the lower part of the body and away from the head is
a. Cephalic
c. Superior
b. Cranial
ÿ)lnferior
39. If structure A lies lateral to the body, and structure B is in the opposite direction, then structure B is in the
direction referred to as
a. Proximal
Medial
c. Ventral
d. Anterior
40. In comparison to the knee joint, the hipjoint of the body is said to be
1ÿ Proximal
b. Superficial
c. Inferior
d. Dorsal
41. Compared to the upper arm, the fingers are
a. Superficial
c. Parasagittal
Distal
d. Horizontal
42. A sagittal plane divides the body into
Right and left sides
c. Superior and inferior portions
b. Anterior and posterior portions
d. Lateral and contralateral portions
43. The cranial cavity and spinal cavity make up the
a. Inferior body cavity
b. Superior body cavity
ÿ Dorsal body cavity
d. Ventral body cavity
44. The hypogastric, lilac, and umbilical regions may all be located in the
. Abdominopelvic cavity
b. Right lower quadrant of the thoracic cavity
c. Upper left quadrant of the spinal cavity
d. Dorsal cavity