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Download Animal Roles inMedical Discoveries Nobel Prizes for Medicine
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Animal Roles Medical Discoveries in Year 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1910 1912 1913 1919 1920 1922 1923 1924 1928 1929 1932 1934 1935 1936 1938 1939 1943 1944 1945 1947 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1957 1960 1961 1963 1964 1966 1967 1968 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Scientist Pavlov Koch Golgi, Cajal Laveran Mechnikov, Ehrlich Kossel Carrel Richet Bordet Krogh Hill Banting, Macleod Einthoven Nicolle Eijkman, Hopkins Sherrington, Adrian Whipple, Murphy, Minot Spemann Dale, Loewi Heymans Domagk Dam, Doisy Erlanger, Gasser Fleming, Chain, Florey Cori, Cori, Houssay Hess, Moniz Kendall, Hench, Reichstein Theiler Waksman Krebs, Lipmann Enders, Weller, Robbins Theorell Bovet Burnet, Medawar von Békésy Eccles, Hodgkin, Huxley Block, Lynen Rous, Huggins Hartline, Granit, Wald Holley, Khorana, Nirenberg Katz, von Euler, Axelrod Sutherland Edelman, Porter von Frisch, Lorenz, Tinbergen de Duve, Palade, Claude Baltimore, Dulbecco, Temin Blumberg, Gajdusek Gullemin, Schally, Yalow Cormack, Hounsfield Benacerraf, Dausset, Snell Sperry, Hubell, Wiesel Bergstrom, Samuelsson, Vane Millstone, Kochler, Jerne Brown, Goldstein Levi-Montalcini Tonegawa Black, Elion Varmus, Bishop Murray, Thomas Neher, Sakmann Fisher, Krebs Roberts, Sharp Gilman, Rodbell Lewis, Nüsslein-Volhard, Wieschaus Doherty, Zinkernagel Prusiner Fuchgott, Ignarro, Murad Blobel Carlsson, Greengard, Kandel Hartwell, Hunt, Nurse Brenner, Horvitz, Sulston Lauterbur, Mansfield Axel, Buck Marshall, Warren Fire, Mello Capecchi, Evans, Smithies zur Hausen Barre-Sinoussi, Montagnier Blackburn, Greider, Szostak Edwards Beutler, Hoffmann, Steinman Gurdon, Yamanaka Rothman, Schekman, Südhof O’Keefe, Moser, Moser Campbell, Omura, Tu American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Foundation 9190 Crestwyn Hills Drive • Memphis, TN 38125-8538 901-754-8620 • Fax: 901-753-0046 E-mail: [email protected] • Web: www.aalasfoundation.org Nobel Prizes for Medicine & Physiology from 1904 to present. Research with animals must continue for similar medical advances to continue. Animal(s) Needed Dog Cow, Sheep Dog, Horse Bird Bird, Fish, Guinea pig Bird Dog Dog, Rabbit Guinea pig, Horse, Rabbit Frog Frog Dog, Rabbit, Fish Dog Monkey, Guinea pig, Rat, Mouse Chicken Dog, Cat Dog Newt, Frog Cat, Frog, Bird, Reptile Dog Mouse, Rabbit Rat, Dog, Chicken, Mouse Cat Mouse Frog, Toad, Dog Cat Cow Monkey, Mouse Guinea Pig Pigeon Monkey, Mouse Horse Dog, Rabbit Rabbit Guinea pig Cat, Frog, Squid, Crab Rat Rat, Rabbit, Hen Chicken, Rabbit, Fish, Crab Rat Cat, Rat Mammalian liver Guinea pig, Rabbit Bee, Bird, Fish Chicken, Guinea Pig, Rat Monkey, Horse, Chicken, Mouse Chimpanzee Sheep, Pig Pig Mouse, Guinea Pig Cat, Monkey Rat, Rabbit, Guinea Pig Mouse Rats, Mice Mouse, Chicken, Snake Mouse embryo Mice, Dog, Rabbit, Monkey Chicken Dog Frog Rat, Rabbit Rats, Mice Rat, Cow, Rabbit, Turkey, Guinea Pig Fruit fly Mouse Mouse, Hamster Rabbit Mouse, Rat, Dog Sea slug, Mouse Sea urchin, Frog Roundworm Clam, Mouse, Dog, Rat, Chimpanzee, Pig, Rabbit, Frog Mouse, Fruit Flies Piglet Roundworm Mouse, Chick Hamster, Mouse, Cow Monkey, Chimpanzee, Mouse Frog, Mouse Rabbits, Rats, Mice, Hamsters Mouse, Fruit Fly Frog, Mouse Chinese Hamster Rat Mouse, Monkey Learn more about careers in the field of laboratory animal science at care.aalas.org. Contribution to Modern Medicine Animal responses to various stimuli Studies of pathogenesis of tuberculosis Characterization of the central nervous Role of protozoa as cause of disease Immune reactions and functions of phagocytes Knowledge of cell chemistry through work on proteins, including nuclear substances Surgical advances in the suture and grafting of blood vessels Mechanisms of anaphylaxis Mechanisms of immunity Discovery of capillary motor regulating mechanism Consumption of oxygen and lactic acid metabolism in muscle Discovery of insulin and mechanism of diabetes Mechanism of the electrocardiogram Pathogenesis of typhus Discovery of antineuritic and growth stimulating Functions of neurons Liver therapy for anemia Organizer effect in embryonic development Chemical transmission of nerve impulses Role of the sinus and aortic mechinisms in the regulation of respiration Antibacterial effects of prontosil Discovery of function of Vitamin K Specific functions of nerve cells Discovery of penicillin and its curative various infectious diseases Catalytic conversion glycogen, role of pituitary in sugar metabolism Functional organization of the brain as a coordinator of internal organs Antiarthritic role of adrenal hormones Development of yellow fever vaccine Discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis Characterization of the citric acid cycle Culture of poliovirus that led to development of vaccine Nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes Production of synthetic compounds and their action on the vascular system and skeletal muscles Understanding of acquired immunological tolerance Physical mechanism of stimulation in the cochlea Mechanisms of control and the communication between nerve cells Regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism Tumor-inducing viruses and hormonal treatment of cancer Primary physiological and chemical processes of vision Interpretation of genetic code and its role in protein synthesis Mechanism of storage and release of nerve transmitters Mechanism of the actions of hormones Chemical structure of antibodies Organization of social and behavior patterns in animals Structural and functional organization of cells Interaction between tumor viruses and genetic material New mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of diseases Discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain Development of computer assisted tomography (CAT scan) Identification of histocompatibility antigens and mechanism of action Processing of visual information by the brain Discovery of prostaglandins Techniques of monoclonal antibody formation Discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism Nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor Discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity Discoveries of important principles for drug treatment Cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes Organ transplantation techniques Chemical communication between cells Discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism Discoveries of split genes Discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells Genetic control of early embryonic development Recognition of virus-infected cells by the immune system Discovery of prions, a new biological principle of infection Regulation of blood pressure with nitric oxide (NO) Discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell Discoveries in signal transduction in the nervous system Discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle Genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death Discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system Discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in mouse, gerbil gastritis and peptic ulcer disease Discovery of RNA interference — gene silencing by double-stranded RNA Development of knock-out mice Discovery of human papilloma viruses (HPV) causing cervical cancer Discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Discovery of a key mechanism in the genetic operations of cells Development of in vitro fertilization Discoveries concerning adaptive and innate immunity Discoveries that mature cells can be reprogrammed and how mature cells can be transformed into stem cells Machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells Discovery of the brain’s “inner GPS” Development of drugs used to treat malaria and roundworm parasites Explore and Learn at: www.kids4research.org Revised 2/16
