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Unit 6
Slavery and Emancipation
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Unit 6 – Slavery and the Civil War
Lesson 1 –
Essential Question: How did the South affect the nation’s economy
and politics?
In the 1800s cotton was the most important __________________ in the
South. By the 1830s Southerners called their crop “_________________.”
It was mainly sold to Great Britain, where factories made cotton into cloth.
______________ owners used enslaved Africans to work the cotton fields.
The Southern economy was built on the labor of ___________ workers.
Most planters planted crops on small pieces of land and did not have
enslaved workers. Only the __________ planters owned large areas of
land and had thousands of enslaved workers.
In 1819, _____________ applied for statehood as a _________ state,
which would upset the even balance of slave and free states. Slave states
would have more votes in the ___________. Senator Henry Clay offered a
_______________. Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. _______
would be admitted as a free state. In the future, __________ would not be
allowed in any new states north of Missouri’s southern border. This came
to be known as the __________________________________.
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Slavery was not the only issue dividing the North and the South. The
regions had important _____________ differences. Unlike the South, the
Northern economy was based on ____________. In the North, men,
women, and children worked in __________ making cloth, iron tools, rope,
and other products. To help American businesses make more money,
Congress passed a _________, or a special tax on goods coming into the
United States. Tariffs raised the price of ___________________ products
and helped American industries. The new tariffs angered people in the
__________. They believed the tariffs threatened their way of life.
Vocabulary:
Slave State –
Free State –
Missouri Compromise –
Tariff –
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Lesson 2 –
Essential Question: How did the issue of slavery divide the country in
the 1800s?
Many people wanted to ___________, or end, slavery. These people
called themselves _____________________. One famous abolitionist was
William Lloyd Garrison. He founded the Liberator, an abolitionist
newspaper and the American Anti-Slavery Society. Another well-known
person who spoke out against slavery was ______________________. He
was born into slavery and escaped. He published an anti-slavery
newspaper called the North Star. In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote
_____________________________, which described a cruel slaveholder’s
treatment of enslaved people and turned many people against slavery.
Abolitionists started the _____________________ Railroad, a secret
network of trails, river crossing, and hiding places. Enslaved people were
called ________________. _______________________ were people who
helped the escapees. ______________ were houses where enslaved
people could eat and rest.
Jermain Loguen escaped from slavery and became one of many
successful conductors. His home in Syracuse, New York, became a wellknown station. He later learned to read, and then opened up a school for
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African American children. Another well known abolitionist was _________
____________, an enslaved woman who escaped and led many enslaved
people to freedom.
In 1849, California applied for statehood as a _______ state. The
admittance would upset the balance of 15 free and 15 slave states.
_____________ lawmakers refused to admit California. In the end
Congress agreed to the ___________________ of 1850. This allowed
California to enter the Union if Congress passed the __________________
_______. The Fugitive Slave Law forced Americans to ________ enslaved
people to the person who had held them or else go to jail. Many
Northerners were angered by the law.
In 1854, Kansas and Nebraska wanted to become states. Under the
Missouri Compromise neither territory could ________ slavery. This
changed when Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois introduced the KansasNebraska Act. In this act, the people would _______ to accept or ban
slavery. This act overturned the _______________________________.
After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, many Southerners
moved to Kansas. Northern ___________________ responded by moving
to Kansas. Violence broke out in 1856, when settlers who favored slavery
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burned the free town of Lawrence, Kansas, to the ground. Abolitionist
____________________ and his sons killed five Southerners. The territory
became known as “_____________________________.”
In 1857, a case about the rights of enslaved people came before the
United States Supreme Court. It was the case of _______________. Scott
said he was a free man because he had lived on _______________. Chief
Justice Roger Taney wrote that enslaved people could be, “…bought and
sold and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise.” This meant that
enslaved workers could be taken ________________. This would become
an important political issue.
In 1858, two candidates from Illinois, ______________________ and
________________________ debated. Although Douglas disliked slavery,
he refused to speak out against it. He believed people should decide by
voting on it. Lincoln believed that slavery was _________. In the end
Douglas ____________ Lincoln for the Senate, but Lincoln was now known
throughout the country.
For John Brown there was no compromise on _________. He
planned an attack on an army arsenal in ____________________, Virginia.
Brown planned to give the weapons to the enslaved people. On October
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16, 1859, he captured the arsenal. The ____________ was waiting for him
and after two days took over the arsenal and captured Brown and his
followers. Brown was convicted of ___________ and hanged.
In 1860, Abraham Lincoln ran for _________________. He believed
slavery was wrong for a nation founded on ____________. In November
1860, he was __________ President of the United States. _____________
was the first of seven states to secede, or leave. They became known as
the Confederate States of America, or the ________________, and elected
Jefferson Davis as their president.
In the spring of 1861, the _________________ troops seized several
U.S. Army arsenals in the South. Fort Sumter was located in the harbor of
Charleston, South Carolina. The commander of the fort refused to
______________. The Confederate troops fired on the fort on April 12,
1861. The __________________ began.
Vocabulary:
Abolitionists –
Debate –
Treason –
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Secede –
Civil War –
Lesson 3 –
Essential Question: What were the challenges for each side in the
Civil War?
Leaders of both the North and the South thought the Civil War would
last about ______ months. By 1862, people realized the war was turning
into a long, drawn-out conflict. The first major battle of the Civil War was
fought at a stream called ___________, near the town Manassas, Virginia.
The war raged on for hours. The ________ would win the first major battle
of the war. As the war dragged on, both sides instituted a _________.
The North was strong in ____________________, ___________,
________________, and _________. The South’s plantations grew
________, not food. The South had ________ manufacturing, money, and
means of transportation. The North had a weak military tradition and little
training. ___________ of the nation’s eight military schools were located in
the South.
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Fighting most of the battles in the South was a __________________
for the North because people were defending their homes, a great
motivator. The South also had ________________________, the most
respected general in the Army, joined the Confederates.
General Winfield Scott, commander of the Union Army, wanted to win
the war by limiting the _____________ the South could get. His plan
included _______________ southern seaports, controlling the Mississippi
River, and invading the South from both east and west. He called it the
______________________________.
At the Battle of ___________, the Confederate army surprised the
Union army and had them near defeat when a second Union army arrived.
Twice as many Americans died in this battle as died in the entire
__________________________________. This battle showed both sides
that the war would be long and deadly.
__________________ transformed the way the Civil War was fought.
Railroads and telegraphs changed the way generals made _____________
decisions. Technology made the _______________ more deadly than
earlier wars. Rifles could fire bullets longer distances with greater
_____________. Mines were used to surprise and kill the enemy. Iron-
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covered battleships, called ________________, made wooden ships seem
outdated overnight. Both sides experimented with mines, torpedoes, and
submarines.
A different kind of war reached beyond battlefields, as well. Farms
and cities were burned. People were terrorized. Total populations were
pulled into conflict. The Civil War was considered the first _____________.
A total war was when each side strikes against the _____________ system
and civilians of the other.
Vocabulary:
Draft –
Anaconda Plan –
Total War –
Lesson 4 –
Essential Question: How did people participate in the Civil War?
After winning several battles in ____________, the Confederate army
marched into Maryland. The Confederates encountered the Union army at
_____________ Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. When the fighting
ended that day, nearly 6,000 Confederate and Union soldiers were dead
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and another 17,000 were seriously wounded. The ____________ had won
the battle. But, people questioned the purpose of so much bloodshed.
Five days after the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln issued the
___________________________________. This document stated that all
enslaved people were emancipated, or freed. It did not apply to ________
_________ that stayed in the Union—Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and
Missouri. Lincoln had hoped to give the Union troops a new sense of
___________, weaken the South, and help the North win the _____. Now
the war was not just about Southern independence and saving the Union; it
was also about ____________ and _____________.
Early in the war, _____________ goal was to keep the Union
together. He encouraged thousands of free African Americans to join the
Union army and navy. Robert Gould Shaw organized the first __________
________________ fighting forces, Fighting 54th. It was an all volunteer
regiment. However, they were not treated as equals of the white soldiers.
By the end of the war, nearly 200,000 African Americans had joined the
war. African Americans made up about one-tenth of the __________ army.
The Battle of ________________ occurred in southern Pennsylvania.
In all, about 51,000 soldiers were _____________ or ________. It was the
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bloodiest battle ever fought in North America. The Union victories at
Gettysburg and Vicksburg turned the war in favor of the _________.
In November 1863, ___________ gave the Gettysburg Address. It
was a eulogy for the dead ___________. This speech is considered one of
the greatest speeches in American history. It summarized American
______________ ideals.
Vocabulary:
Emancipation Proclamation –
Gettysburg Address –
Lesson 5 –
Essential Question: What events brought an end to the Civil War?
_____________________________, commander of the Union army,
had two goals. He wanted to destroy Lee’s army in ____________ and he
wanted to capture Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate _________. Grant
would succeed in both of these goals.
General William Tecumseh Sherman led _________ forces in the
West. Following the Anaconda Plan, he marched his troops across
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__________________ and Georgia to squeeze the South. He told his men
to _____________ anything of value. They burned _______ and buildings.
They destroyed railroads and ____________. Sherman believed the North
needed to launch a ____________, which would break the South’s fighting
spirit.
In September 1864, Sherman captured and burned _____________,
____________, one of the South’s largest cities and railroad center.
Sherman’s 60,000 man army cut a 60 mile wide and 300 mile long path
across Georgia to the city of ______________ on the Atlantic Coast. From
there, the army marched into _______________________. People saw an
end in sight for the war and ___________________ Lincoln.
On April 9, 1865, Lee __________________ to Grant at Appomattox
Court House in Virginia. ______________________ surrendered after the
Confederates lost Petersburg and Richmond. General Grant treated him
with ______________ and offered him generous terms. For example, Lee
and his soldiers were allowed to return to their __________. Grant would
later insist that President Johnson honor the terms of the surrender.
Jefferson Davis fled westward, was captured, and was ________________
for two years. ____________ did not want to punish the South. Less than
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a week after Lee’s surrender, Lincoln was assassinated by _____________
________________ at Ford’s Theater and died April 15, 1865.
Vocabulary:
Malice –
Assassination –
Lesson 6 –
Essential Question: What happened in the South after the Civil War?
After the Civil War, President Lincoln wanted to end the __________
feelings between the North and the South. Before his death, Lincoln
created a plan for ___________________, or rebuilding the South. Lincoln
signed a bill to create the _______________ Bureau before his death. This
program provided food, clothing, shelter, medical care, jobs, and legal help
to both _________________________ and whites. It also set up 4,000
____________ for newly freed people.
Few ______________ have been more unpopular than President
Andrew Johnson. Southerners disliked him because he had supported the
Union. Northerners disliked him because he allowed former Confederate
leaders to serve in ______________. He also took no action when
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Southern states passed _________________, laws that restricted the
rights of African Americans.
The House of Representatives voted to ________ President Johnson
but, they needed two-thirds of the 36 senators to remove him from ______.
(Do the math…how many Senators were needed to impeach him?) The
vote was 35 to 19. He remained in office, but the division between the
North and South also remained.
_____________ passed the first Reconstruction Act in 1867. This act
divided the South into ______ districts that would remain under the control
of the U.S. Army until new governments could be formed. Northerners
moved to the South to start _______________. They soon became active
in the fight for African Americans’ _______. Southerners often called these
Northerners “____________________” because so many carried suitcases
made of carpeting. Many Southerners believed that carpetbaggers were
taking __________________ of the South’s suffering. Many carpetbaggers
were former Union soldiers or members of the Freedmen’s Bureau who
wanted to settle in the South.
During _________________, more than 600 African Americans were
elected to state office and 16 were elected to Congress. African Americans
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were able to elect ________________ to represent them and were equal to
other citizens. Many Southerners did not want African Americans to hold
public office and did not want to pay higher _______ for schools and roads
that helped African Americans.
Vocabulary:
Reconstruction –
Black Codes –
Sharecropping –
Segregation –
Jim Crow Laws –
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Notes for Test: