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Name _______________ Class _______________ Unit 6 Slavery and Emancipation Page |2 Unit 6 – Slavery and the Civil War Lesson 1 – Essential Question: How did the South affect the nation’s economy and politics? In the 1800s cotton was the most important __________________ in the South. By the 1830s Southerners called their crop “_________________.” It was mainly sold to Great Britain, where factories made cotton into cloth. ______________ owners used enslaved Africans to work the cotton fields. The Southern economy was built on the labor of ___________ workers. Most planters planted crops on small pieces of land and did not have enslaved workers. Only the __________ planters owned large areas of land and had thousands of enslaved workers. In 1819, _____________ applied for statehood as a _________ state, which would upset the even balance of slave and free states. Slave states would have more votes in the ___________. Senator Henry Clay offered a _______________. Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. _______ would be admitted as a free state. In the future, __________ would not be allowed in any new states north of Missouri’s southern border. This came to be known as the __________________________________. Page |3 Slavery was not the only issue dividing the North and the South. The regions had important _____________ differences. Unlike the South, the Northern economy was based on ____________. In the North, men, women, and children worked in __________ making cloth, iron tools, rope, and other products. To help American businesses make more money, Congress passed a _________, or a special tax on goods coming into the United States. Tariffs raised the price of ___________________ products and helped American industries. The new tariffs angered people in the __________. They believed the tariffs threatened their way of life. Vocabulary: Slave State – Free State – Missouri Compromise – Tariff – Page |4 Lesson 2 – Essential Question: How did the issue of slavery divide the country in the 1800s? Many people wanted to ___________, or end, slavery. These people called themselves _____________________. One famous abolitionist was William Lloyd Garrison. He founded the Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper and the American Anti-Slavery Society. Another well-known person who spoke out against slavery was ______________________. He was born into slavery and escaped. He published an anti-slavery newspaper called the North Star. In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote _____________________________, which described a cruel slaveholder’s treatment of enslaved people and turned many people against slavery. Abolitionists started the _____________________ Railroad, a secret network of trails, river crossing, and hiding places. Enslaved people were called ________________. _______________________ were people who helped the escapees. ______________ were houses where enslaved people could eat and rest. Jermain Loguen escaped from slavery and became one of many successful conductors. His home in Syracuse, New York, became a wellknown station. He later learned to read, and then opened up a school for Page |5 African American children. Another well known abolitionist was _________ ____________, an enslaved woman who escaped and led many enslaved people to freedom. In 1849, California applied for statehood as a _______ state. The admittance would upset the balance of 15 free and 15 slave states. _____________ lawmakers refused to admit California. In the end Congress agreed to the ___________________ of 1850. This allowed California to enter the Union if Congress passed the __________________ _______. The Fugitive Slave Law forced Americans to ________ enslaved people to the person who had held them or else go to jail. Many Northerners were angered by the law. In 1854, Kansas and Nebraska wanted to become states. Under the Missouri Compromise neither territory could ________ slavery. This changed when Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois introduced the KansasNebraska Act. In this act, the people would _______ to accept or ban slavery. This act overturned the _______________________________. After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, many Southerners moved to Kansas. Northern ___________________ responded by moving to Kansas. Violence broke out in 1856, when settlers who favored slavery Page |6 burned the free town of Lawrence, Kansas, to the ground. Abolitionist ____________________ and his sons killed five Southerners. The territory became known as “_____________________________.” In 1857, a case about the rights of enslaved people came before the United States Supreme Court. It was the case of _______________. Scott said he was a free man because he had lived on _______________. Chief Justice Roger Taney wrote that enslaved people could be, “…bought and sold and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise.” This meant that enslaved workers could be taken ________________. This would become an important political issue. In 1858, two candidates from Illinois, ______________________ and ________________________ debated. Although Douglas disliked slavery, he refused to speak out against it. He believed people should decide by voting on it. Lincoln believed that slavery was _________. In the end Douglas ____________ Lincoln for the Senate, but Lincoln was now known throughout the country. For John Brown there was no compromise on _________. He planned an attack on an army arsenal in ____________________, Virginia. Brown planned to give the weapons to the enslaved people. On October Page |7 16, 1859, he captured the arsenal. The ____________ was waiting for him and after two days took over the arsenal and captured Brown and his followers. Brown was convicted of ___________ and hanged. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln ran for _________________. He believed slavery was wrong for a nation founded on ____________. In November 1860, he was __________ President of the United States. _____________ was the first of seven states to secede, or leave. They became known as the Confederate States of America, or the ________________, and elected Jefferson Davis as their president. In the spring of 1861, the _________________ troops seized several U.S. Army arsenals in the South. Fort Sumter was located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. The commander of the fort refused to ______________. The Confederate troops fired on the fort on April 12, 1861. The __________________ began. Vocabulary: Abolitionists – Debate – Treason – Page |8 Secede – Civil War – Lesson 3 – Essential Question: What were the challenges for each side in the Civil War? Leaders of both the North and the South thought the Civil War would last about ______ months. By 1862, people realized the war was turning into a long, drawn-out conflict. The first major battle of the Civil War was fought at a stream called ___________, near the town Manassas, Virginia. The war raged on for hours. The ________ would win the first major battle of the war. As the war dragged on, both sides instituted a _________. The North was strong in ____________________, ___________, ________________, and _________. The South’s plantations grew ________, not food. The South had ________ manufacturing, money, and means of transportation. The North had a weak military tradition and little training. ___________ of the nation’s eight military schools were located in the South. Page |9 Fighting most of the battles in the South was a __________________ for the North because people were defending their homes, a great motivator. The South also had ________________________, the most respected general in the Army, joined the Confederates. General Winfield Scott, commander of the Union Army, wanted to win the war by limiting the _____________ the South could get. His plan included _______________ southern seaports, controlling the Mississippi River, and invading the South from both east and west. He called it the ______________________________. At the Battle of ___________, the Confederate army surprised the Union army and had them near defeat when a second Union army arrived. Twice as many Americans died in this battle as died in the entire __________________________________. This battle showed both sides that the war would be long and deadly. __________________ transformed the way the Civil War was fought. Railroads and telegraphs changed the way generals made _____________ decisions. Technology made the _______________ more deadly than earlier wars. Rifles could fire bullets longer distances with greater _____________. Mines were used to surprise and kill the enemy. Iron- P a g e | 10 covered battleships, called ________________, made wooden ships seem outdated overnight. Both sides experimented with mines, torpedoes, and submarines. A different kind of war reached beyond battlefields, as well. Farms and cities were burned. People were terrorized. Total populations were pulled into conflict. The Civil War was considered the first _____________. A total war was when each side strikes against the _____________ system and civilians of the other. Vocabulary: Draft – Anaconda Plan – Total War – Lesson 4 – Essential Question: How did people participate in the Civil War? After winning several battles in ____________, the Confederate army marched into Maryland. The Confederates encountered the Union army at _____________ Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. When the fighting ended that day, nearly 6,000 Confederate and Union soldiers were dead P a g e | 11 and another 17,000 were seriously wounded. The ____________ had won the battle. But, people questioned the purpose of so much bloodshed. Five days after the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln issued the ___________________________________. This document stated that all enslaved people were emancipated, or freed. It did not apply to ________ _________ that stayed in the Union—Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. Lincoln had hoped to give the Union troops a new sense of ___________, weaken the South, and help the North win the _____. Now the war was not just about Southern independence and saving the Union; it was also about ____________ and _____________. Early in the war, _____________ goal was to keep the Union together. He encouraged thousands of free African Americans to join the Union army and navy. Robert Gould Shaw organized the first __________ ________________ fighting forces, Fighting 54th. It was an all volunteer regiment. However, they were not treated as equals of the white soldiers. By the end of the war, nearly 200,000 African Americans had joined the war. African Americans made up about one-tenth of the __________ army. The Battle of ________________ occurred in southern Pennsylvania. In all, about 51,000 soldiers were _____________ or ________. It was the P a g e | 12 bloodiest battle ever fought in North America. The Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg turned the war in favor of the _________. In November 1863, ___________ gave the Gettysburg Address. It was a eulogy for the dead ___________. This speech is considered one of the greatest speeches in American history. It summarized American ______________ ideals. Vocabulary: Emancipation Proclamation – Gettysburg Address – Lesson 5 – Essential Question: What events brought an end to the Civil War? _____________________________, commander of the Union army, had two goals. He wanted to destroy Lee’s army in ____________ and he wanted to capture Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate _________. Grant would succeed in both of these goals. General William Tecumseh Sherman led _________ forces in the West. Following the Anaconda Plan, he marched his troops across P a g e | 13 __________________ and Georgia to squeeze the South. He told his men to _____________ anything of value. They burned _______ and buildings. They destroyed railroads and ____________. Sherman believed the North needed to launch a ____________, which would break the South’s fighting spirit. In September 1864, Sherman captured and burned _____________, ____________, one of the South’s largest cities and railroad center. Sherman’s 60,000 man army cut a 60 mile wide and 300 mile long path across Georgia to the city of ______________ on the Atlantic Coast. From there, the army marched into _______________________. People saw an end in sight for the war and ___________________ Lincoln. On April 9, 1865, Lee __________________ to Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. ______________________ surrendered after the Confederates lost Petersburg and Richmond. General Grant treated him with ______________ and offered him generous terms. For example, Lee and his soldiers were allowed to return to their __________. Grant would later insist that President Johnson honor the terms of the surrender. Jefferson Davis fled westward, was captured, and was ________________ for two years. ____________ did not want to punish the South. Less than P a g e | 14 a week after Lee’s surrender, Lincoln was assassinated by _____________ ________________ at Ford’s Theater and died April 15, 1865. Vocabulary: Malice – Assassination – Lesson 6 – Essential Question: What happened in the South after the Civil War? After the Civil War, President Lincoln wanted to end the __________ feelings between the North and the South. Before his death, Lincoln created a plan for ___________________, or rebuilding the South. Lincoln signed a bill to create the _______________ Bureau before his death. This program provided food, clothing, shelter, medical care, jobs, and legal help to both _________________________ and whites. It also set up 4,000 ____________ for newly freed people. Few ______________ have been more unpopular than President Andrew Johnson. Southerners disliked him because he had supported the Union. Northerners disliked him because he allowed former Confederate leaders to serve in ______________. He also took no action when P a g e | 15 Southern states passed _________________, laws that restricted the rights of African Americans. The House of Representatives voted to ________ President Johnson but, they needed two-thirds of the 36 senators to remove him from ______. (Do the math…how many Senators were needed to impeach him?) The vote was 35 to 19. He remained in office, but the division between the North and South also remained. _____________ passed the first Reconstruction Act in 1867. This act divided the South into ______ districts that would remain under the control of the U.S. Army until new governments could be formed. Northerners moved to the South to start _______________. They soon became active in the fight for African Americans’ _______. Southerners often called these Northerners “____________________” because so many carried suitcases made of carpeting. Many Southerners believed that carpetbaggers were taking __________________ of the South’s suffering. Many carpetbaggers were former Union soldiers or members of the Freedmen’s Bureau who wanted to settle in the South. During _________________, more than 600 African Americans were elected to state office and 16 were elected to Congress. African Americans P a g e | 16 were able to elect ________________ to represent them and were equal to other citizens. Many Southerners did not want African Americans to hold public office and did not want to pay higher _______ for schools and roads that helped African Americans. Vocabulary: Reconstruction – Black Codes – Sharecropping – Segregation – Jim Crow Laws – P a g e | 17 Notes for Test: