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Ms. Bowman Cardiovascular System Composed of the heart, veins, arteries, and blood Heart About the size of a fist; weighs less than one pound Enclosed within the mediastinum (medial cavity of the thorax) Layers Pericardium-double-walled sac that encloses the heart Epicardium-covering on the outside of the heart Myocardium-cardiac mucsle Endocardium-sheet of endothelium located deep inside the heart Heart Chambers 2 Atria-located superior Receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart Relatively small, thin walled chambers 2 Ventricles-located inferior Discharging chambers for blood leaving the heart When ventricles pump, blood is propelled out of the heart Makes up the bulk of the heart Heart Blood flows in one direction in the heart atria ventricles arteries Valves 4 valves that keep blood flowing in one direction 2 Atrioventricular Valves (AV) Located at each junction of the atria and ventricles Prevents backflow into atria from ventricles 2 Semilunar Valves (SL) Aortic and pulmonary SL valves Prevents backflow from the aorta and pulmonary artery into ventricles Heart Important structures Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Atria Ventricles Aorta AV Valves SL Valves Blood Pathway Through the Heart Blood Pathway Through the Body Blood Vessels Form a closed delivery system that begins and ends at the heart Arteries-carry blood away from the heart Veins-carry blood towards the heart Capillaries-very small vessels that directly serve the tissues of the body; where nutrient/oxygen exchange occurs between blood and cells Blood Vessels