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What is photosynthesis? Using light To make Using light to make food -The process in which light energy (solar energy) is converted into stored chemical energy (food) In which cell organelle does photosynthesis occur? Therefore, photosynthesis ONLY occurs in plant cells!! What is chlorophyll? -The green pigment in a chloroplast that traps sunlight What are the raw (unused) materials for Photosynthesis (requirements)? 1. Sunlight 2. Chlorophyll 4. H2O 3. CO2 1. Chlorophyll traps required sunlight (light reaction) 2.Energy captured (sunlight) is converted to chemical energy (glucose) (Can happen in light or dark) Carbon-dioxide + Water CO2 + H2O Glucose + oxygen + water C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O How do the raw materials enter the plant? 1.Chlorophyll- Already present in the leaf (chloroplast) 2.Water- Enters through roots and travels up the stem to the leaf 3.Sunlight- Absorbed into leaf 4.CO2- Enters through openings on the surface of The leaf called stomata (stomate) Guard Cell Stomate (opening) Guard Cell- Cells that control the opening and closing of the stomate Why does a stomate open and close? -Gas exchange -Regulate water balance Closed stomate Open Stomate What materials are produced at the END of Photosynthesis (end-products)? 1. Glucose (simple sugar) 2. Oxygen 3. Water (small amount) What happens to the glucose? -small amount used in cellular respiration, the rest is converted to starch to store energy What happens to the oxygen? -Gets taken in by organisms to carry out cellular respiration (We breathe majority of it in!!!) What happens to the water? -gets used; the excess is released through the stomate What is photolysis? - The splitting of water This is where our oxygen comes from Where in the PLANT does photosynthesis occur? -The leaf (MOST released through stomate) (enters through Stomate) (enters through roots) H2O (reused/released) (used by plant to carry Out cellular respiration) What is Cellular Respiration? -Oxygen and glucose combine to make ATP (energy) -The process by which chemical ENERGY stored in nutrients is RELEASED for use in cells In which cell organelle does cellular respiration occur? Therefore, respiration occurs In ALL living things! What are the raw (unused) materials for Cellular respiration (requirements)? 1. Oxygen 2. Glucose Oxygen + Glucose+ Water O2 + C6H12O6 + H2O 3. Water ATP+Carbon-dioxide + Water ATP+ CO2 + H2O What materials are produced at the END of Cellular respiration (end-products)? 1. ATP- energy/fuel for cells to carry out life processes 2. Carbon-dioxide- released by animals and used by plants for photosynthesis 3. Water- some used/excess released Photosynthesis -using light to make food Process: (Definition) Word Equation: Carbon-dioxide + water Glucose + oxygen + water Source of Energy: Raw materials Used: Sunlight -carbon-dioxide -Water -Chlorophyll -Sunlight Respiration -using oxygen and Food (glucose) to Make energy (ATP) Oxygen + glucose ATP+carbon-dioxide=water Food (glucose) -Oxygen -Glucose Materials Produced: When does this occur? -Oxygen -Glucose -Water -Daytime Location in the cell: -Chloroplast Function: -energy storage -Carbon-dioxide -ATP -24 hours/day -Mitochondria -energy released What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? -The end-products of one process are the raw materials of the other process Together, they make up the CO2 O2 H2O glucose Photosynthesis In the chloroplast O2 CO2 glucose H2O ATP Cellular Respiration In the mitochondria