Download Human Systems Project 2016FINAL

Honors Biology
Name:
Human Systems and Transport Across the Membrane Project
Introduction
The respiratory system consists of a combination of organs, which allow the body to breathe. It
combines with the cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, to bring oxygen to the
cells of the body. These systems also work together to assist the human body in getting rid of waste
products in the form of carbon dioxide. Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere and brought to the
cells of the body through an intricate process. The air we breathe in travels through many different
tubes before it reaches the cells of the human body.
Removal of waste products is not limited to the respiratory and circulatory systems. The
excretory system utilizes kidneys to filter water, mineral ions, urea, organic wastes, and other
substances from the blood and to excrete urine, a fluid that rids the body of water and solutes that are
in excess of the amount required to maintain extracellular fluid.
Many of the functions that occur within the human body are a result of some form of
transportation or communication. Communication is the backbone of the nervous system, which we
have already covered together as a class. The nervous system senses and interprets environmental
factors for which it will issue commands for responses to them. Communication lines in humans are
made of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons, which activate muscle and gland cells.
Our last unit of study enabled you to become experts in how materials travel across cell
membranes. This exercise will allow you to explore the anatomy and physiology of several body
systems, and to determine how the individual structures are designed for the transport of molecules
and the communication of messages.
Guiding project question: How does cellular transport play a role in the various human body
systems?
Skills: By the end of this project you should….
1. Be able to identify the structure and function of human systems (cardiovascular, nervous,
excretory)
2. Be able to explain the relationship between the anatomy and physiology of these various
systems and relate them to transport and to each other.
3. Link and apply the specific concepts of cell transport to various and specific human systems.
4. Include a discussion of passive, active, facilitated transport.
5. Provide an example of what happens when something goes wrong with the system (find a
disease example and how it affects the system)
Project goals: Human body scavenger hunt
1. Find and explain examples of transport in the respiratory, circulatory (cardiovascular) and
excretory systems.
a. Types of transport to find: active transport, passive transport, facilitated diffusion,
simple diffusion, and osmosis.
2. Identify, describe and explain the structures and functions of the 3 systems.
3. Relate these types of transport to the overall function of the system on a cellular level and an
organ system level. (Include the description, explanation of the structures and functions of the
3 systems)
4. Then relate all three of the systems to one another.
5. Identify a disease that is caused when one type of transport is disrupted in a specific
system. Explain how the disease symptoms and biological cause relates to the type of
transport.
Final Product
1. Two interactive models distributed to the class in video format: (iMovie, iMotion, flipagram,
explain everything, educreations, bookpress, stoodle…). Remember, a model is a representation
of an idea, an object or even a process or a system that is used to describe and explain phenomena
that cannot be experienced directly. A model is not always a 3-D model. Your model can be you
acting out the actions in a skit, a 3-D model that can be manipulated (and explained in the video),
an animation, a cartoon… Your final products should be creative. 2-D, or 3-D model, skits, videos,
or animations would be considered good models. You may make your own videos or share other
videos. However, the videos must be explained in your own words.
 One model is made for each system for a total of 2 models.
 One of the models demonstrates how the assigned disease affects transport in that
system.
 Must not exceed 15 minutes total for both models.
 All final videos will be turned in on Classroom/Canvas/website/email. Documents will
be shared with everyone once they are uploaded.
2. A script of your video, describing models with the video.
3. A prepared 5-minute presentation of your assigned disease and how it affects the system and
transport within that system. You may show the relevant section of your model during the
presentations.
4. You will complete peer evaluations after this project. Please make sure you are able to split up
the work so that each person has a significant role in the product. If there are any issues with
your group members, please approach me ASAP.
Guiding Questions for the Project (divided by systems)
I.
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
i. What gases are exchanged between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems?
ii. How are these gases exchanged between these 2 systems? What type of cellular
transport
mechanisms are used?
• Trace the path of these gases as they are moved throughout the blood and
lungs
• Describe the types of cellular transport that are taking place, as well as
where they’re taking place (simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport, etc)
iii. How does air get into the lungs? What is the role of the diaphragm? Explain.
iv. Explain how gas exchange takes place in the lungs at the alveolar level. Make sure
to explain pressure gradients and partial pressure.
v. Describe the structure, function and location of the alveoli in relation to how they
involved in getting oxygen to the rest of the body.
vi. Explain red blood cells and blood plasma. Address how they are specifically
related to gas exchange, and transport of gasses.
vii. Describe the 3 main types of blood vessels and explain their structures functions
in relation to the fact that diffusion can only occur at the capillary level.
viii. Explain how gas exchange takes place at the cellular level within tissues. What
prevents gas from being exchanged in non-optimal places?
II.
Excretory System
i. State the function of the excretory system in its relationship to the circulatory
system.
ii. Label and describe the structures of the kidney, especially where the nephrons
are located.
iii. Label and describe the structures of the nephron. (Glomerulus, Bowman’s
Capsule, Bowman’s space, Proximal Tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal Tubule,
Collecting Duct)
iv. Define filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion in a nephron. Explain how
urine formation helps maintain homeostasis. Relate this to specific means of
transport across the cell membrane.
v. What types of transport exist in the excretory system? (simple diffusion,
facilitated diffusion, active transport, etc.) What molecules move from the blood
to the filtrate, and which molecules move back from the filtrate to the blood? In
what part of the nephron are each filtered? Why must these molecules be filtered
in and out of the blood?
• HCO3-, NaCl, H2O, Glucose, Amino Acids, H+, NH3, K+, Urea
III:
Human System Disease
i. In what human body system does this disease occur?
ii. Describe the causes and symptoms of the disease.
iii. How is transport affected by this disease? Describe the specific mechanism that
this disease disrupts and how that causes the symptoms.
iv. Explain the treatments/cures/current research
v. Use at least 3 reliable sources.
Diseases:
 Sickle cell, Emphysema, Smoking and CO, Diabetic Nephropathy, IgA
Nephropathy (Berger's Disease), Kidney stones, Cystic Fibrosis
IV.
Wrap Up & Conclusions
i. Create one final segment of your video to address how these three systems relate
to each other
* All groups must include discussion of various concentration gradients present in the places
where the transport of materials is most abundant. Create models that accurately
demonstration these processes. Be CREATIVE!* Be sure to relate your presentation to what you
have learned about the structure and function of membranes and the various forms of transport
Useful Sites:
Flipagram - https://flipagram.com/?_lang=en
Explain Everything - https://explaineverything.com/
Educreations - https://www.educreations.com/
Bookpress - https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/bookpress-best-book-creator/id531606316?mt=8
iMotion - https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/imotion/id421365625?mt=8
Stoodle - http://stoodle.ck12.org/