Download Biology 2 Chapter 3: Key words to understand

Biology 2 Chapter 3: Key words to understand
There are lots of new key terms that you need to make sure you understand in preparation for your exam. It’s really
important that you recognise what each of the words mean and are able to use them correctly in a sentence. This
will help you to explain ideas scientifically and ensure you pick up important marks in your exam.
Some tips for learning science vocabulary.
Tip 1 -Play some games with the keywords
You could play hangman with your friends or family using the words you need to learn. Make sure you explain what
the word means when they have guessed it.
You could play Pictionary for some of the energy types or renewable energy sources. Ask someone to draw you a
picture for one of these terms and see if you can guess which one they are drawing.
You could make a puzzle such as a crossword or a key word wordsearch
http://www.armoredpenguin.com/crossword/
Tip 2 – Use flash cards
Write out the key word and the definition on separate cards, mix them up and see if you can match the keyword
with the correct description.
Write the keyword on one side and the definition on the other. Look at the keyword side and see if you can
remember the definition or read the definition and try to remember the keyword. Turn the card over to check, or
ask someone else to read them out to you.
See if you can sort the keywords into groups of similar words. For example, you could group together all the words
that give a different type of energy. Try to explain why you have grouped them together to a friend or family
member.
Tip 3 – Spelling strategies
Use the spelling strategies that you talk about in tutor time to help with any words that you find difficult to spell.
Break it into sounds
Break it into syllables
Break it into word parts
Use a mnemonic
Refer to word in the same family
Say it as it sounds
Words within words
Make connections between words
Think about the meaning of words
Apply spelling rules
Learn by sight
(d-i-a-r-y)
(re-mem-ber, con-tin-ent)
(dis+satisfy)
(necessary—one collar, two sleeves, rhythm has your
two hips moving)
(muscle—muscular)
(Wed-nes-day)
(Parliament—I AM parliament, GUM in argument)
(bright, light, night, etc)
(bi+cycle = two+wheels)
(writing, written)
(look—cover—write—check)
Lesson 1:- competition and adaptation
Competition
Adaptation
Competing with other organisms for resources.
Characteristic that enables an organism to survive in its environment.
Lesson 2:- Adapting to change
Interdependence
The way in which living organisms depend on each other to survive, grow, and
reproduce.
Lesson 3:- variation
Variation
Species
Inherited variation
Environmental variation
Differences in characteristics within a species
Organisms that have lots of characteristics in common, and can mate
to produce fertile offspring.
Variation due to characteristics that have been inherited from
parents e.g. eye colour
Variation caused by your surroundings and what happens to you e.g.
tattoo
Lesson 4:- Continuous and discontinuous
Discontinuous variation
Continuous variation
Characteristics that can only result in certain values e.g. blood group
A characteristic that can take any value within a range e.g. height
Lesson 5:- inheritance
DNA
Chromosome
Gene
Chemical that contains all the information needed to make an organism.
Long strand of DNA, which contains many genes.
Section of DNA that contains the information for a characteristic.
Lesson 6:- natural selection
Evolution
Fossil
Natural selection
Development of a species over time.
The remains of plants and animals that have been turned to stone.
Process by which the organisms with the characteristics that are most
suited to the environment survive and reproduce, passing on their genes.
Lesson 7:- Extinction
Extinct
Gene bank
Where no more individuals of a species are left anywhere in the world.
A store of genetic samples used for research and try and prevent extinction.