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Animal Organ Systems • Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals of Life All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the most basic structure of life. Cells need oxygen, food/energy, and water to survive. Natural Hierarchy Cells are the most basic and simple. Cells that are all alike work together to form tissues which perform tasks. Tissues that are alike work together to form organs which complete jobs. Organs work together in organ systems to carry out processes. Organ systems work together to support the life of an organism. How do we study animals? look at the outside of them – the outer physical structures. We look inside of dead animals – the internal physical structures. We look at the tissues under a microscope – microscopic structures. We study the chemical reactions between cells, tissues, and organs. We Anatomy The study of the form, shape, and appearance of an animal – its structures both internal and external. Gross anatomy is the study of the structures – internal and external – that we can see with the naked eye. Microscopic anatomy is the structures that can only be seen under magnification Physiology The study of the functions of the cells, tissues, and organs of the animal. Biochemistry How cells, tissues and organs work together to complete a task…digestion. Organ Systems Skeletal Muscular Nervous Circulatory Respiratory Excretory Digestive Endocrine Integumentary Reproductive Circulatory Heart Technically a muscle Pumps blood with 4 chambers and 2 valves Arteries Carry oxygen rich blood from lungs and heart to tissues Veins Carry heart. blood back from tissues to lungs and Circulatory – Heart - exterior Circulatory – Heart - interior Circulation – the flow of blood Circulatory – Arteries and Veins Aorta Vena Cava Circulatory Blood white • • • • • blood cells Neutrophil Monocyte Lymphocyte Eosinophil Basophil Fights pathogens Plasma part of blood – 55% of volume Liquid red blood cells Erythrocytes Carries O2 and carbohydrates (glucose) Platelets Thrombocytes Makes blood clot Circulatory - Blood Circulatory – Stained blood smears Basophil Erythrocytes Eosinophil Nuetrophil Thrombocyte Lymphocyte Monocyte Circulatory Also includes the Lymph Glands Secrete Moves disease fighting materials materials throughout the body