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PNAMP Questions and Coordination Template (Draft 10/20/05) Principle PNAMP Area of Coordination Management Questions Fish Population Monitoring Are NW fish populations meeting population viability objectives (abundance, productivity, and diversity)? Subordinate Questions What is the distribution and size of adult salmon, steelhead, and bull trout populations? 1 Regional Information Needs Metrics Data Required Presence/absence of adult fishes Numbers of adult fish What is the growth rate of adult salmon, steelhead, and bull trout populations? Returns/Spawner, Lambda, Temporal Trends What is the freshwater Smolts, fry or parr produced per Spatially-Balanced Survey Design (e.g., EMAP-GRTS design; see Stevens and Olsen 2004) Evaluation Method Survey or Spatial Scale Experimental Design Temporal Scale Presence of adults, spawners, or redds Census Sampling every 3 to 5 years Numbers of adults, spawners, or redds Numbers of adults, spawners, or redds Census or spatially balanced survey1 Census or spatially balanced survey NW, Columbia Basin, ESU, Population, Core Area, or Subpopulation Annual for at least 3 generations Number of Census or NW, Columbia Basin, ESU, Population, Core Area, or Subpopulation NW, Annual sampling Annual Watershed Condition Monitoring productivity of these populations? adult, spawner, or redd smolts, fry or parr spatially balanced survey What is the age structure of these populations? Age of returning adults or spawners Otolith, scale, or length of adults or spawners Census or spatially balanced survey What fraction of the spawners of these populations is of hatchery origin? Ratio of hatchery to total fish abundances Number of hatchery produced adults or spawners Census or spatiallybalanced survey What is the biological condition of spawning and rearing habitat for NW fish populations? Macro-invertebrate and fish assemblages Columbia Basin, ESU, Population, Core Area, or Subpopulation NW, Columbia Basin, ESU, Population, Core Area, or Subpopulation sampling Stream, watershed, subbasin Annual sampling Annual sampling Are aquatic, riparian, and upland ecosystems of the NW being degraded, restored or maintained relative to desired conditions or objectives? SpatiallyBalanced survey What is the physical condition of spawning and rearing habitat for NW fish populations? What is the water quality in spawning and rearing habitats for NW fish populations? Fish Population, Watershed Condition, and Effectiveness Monitoring Valley characteristics (valley bottom types, valley widths and gradients, valley containment, road density, land ownership, land use); Channel characteristics (bed-form types, channel types, gradient, width/depth ratio, stability); Riparian vegetation (structure, disturbance, canopy cover); Habitat access (dams and diversions); Stream flows; Habitat quality (substrate, embeddedness, large woody debris, pools, offchannel habitat, fish cover) Temperature, Turbidity, Conductivity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Nutrients, Pollutants and Heavy Metals Spatiallybalanced survey 1 Stream, watershed, subbasin Annual sampling Spatiallybalanced survey Stream, watershed, subbasin Annual sampling Depends on correlation or experimental approach Stream, watershed, subbasin Depends on correlation or experimental approach What are the limiting factors or threats preventing the achievement of desired habitat, fish or wildlife performance objectives? What is the relationship of habitat processes and functions of upslope, riparian, and aquatic systems to biological and Watershed condition metrics identified above. Watershed condition data identified above. Correlation of status monitoring data or experimental environmental habitat attributes? What is the relationship of habitat attributes, processes, and/or functions to fish and wildlife abundance, productivity, and diversity? Effectiveness Monitoring Watershed condition and fish population metrics identified above. Watershed condition and fish population metrics identified above. Correlation of status monitoring data or experimental manipulation Depends on correlation or experimental approach Stream, watershed, subbasin Depends on correlation or experimental approach Type, location, timing and intensity of habitat actions, and juvenile survival or adult abundances Depends on management actions Extensive, WatershedScale, TopDown Approach Large-scale Before-After (BA) Studies2 Watershed, Subbasin Depends on management action(s) Type, location, timing and intensity of habitat actions, and ESU population growth rates Depends on management actions Extensive, WatershedScale, TopDown Approach Large-scale Before-After (BA) Studies ESU scale Depends on management action(s) What actions are most effective at addressing the limiting factors preventing achievement of habitat, fish or wildlife performance objectives? Did all tributary habitat actions in aggregate for a sub-population increase juvenile survival or adult abundance, compared to a similar sub-population with few or no habitat actions? What contribution did all tributary habitat actions for an ESU make toward increasing the ESU-level population growth rate? 2 manipulation Intensive BA, BACI, or Staircase designs; see Roni et al. 2005 Did a single tributary habitat action increase local fish abundance or distribution, or improve local environmental conditions, compared to a similar control or reference site? Type, location, timing and intensity of habitat action, local fish abundance or distribution, and/or habitat conditions Depends on management actions Intensive, ProjectBased, Bottom-Up Approach Project-scale Before-After Studies3 Stream, Watershed Depends on management action(s) Did some classes of actions (e.g., riparian restoration actions) perform better than other classes (e.g., passage improvement actions) in improving localized conditions or subpopulation juvenile survival rates? Type, location, timing and intensity of habitat actions, and local habitat conditions and/or juvenile fish survivals Depends on management actions Intensive, ProjectBased, Bottom-Up Approach Project-scale Before-After Studies Stream, Watershed Depends on management action(s) Spawners? Estuary Monitoring Programmatic Monitoring (High Level Indicators) 3 What is the state or condition of Programmatic Level performance goals Intensive BA, Extensive BA, or replicated BACI; see Roni et al. 2005 Composite number of Spawners per year per ESU for all stocks of the species of concern within the ESU. Juveniles? Riparian and Instream Habitat? % fish stocks healthy The trend in monitored native fish populations in key OWEB investment areas. % of listed areas where monitoring is adequate % of federal ESA species delisted in the last year % of Oregon ESA listed species de-listed I the last year. Adult abundance and trends for each listed ESU Adult survival estimates Composite index of migrants trapped at trap sites within the ESU for the species of concern within the ESU % increasing juvenile survival estimates Composite score yet to be developed for EMAP indicators of riparian and instream conditions Acres of habitat acquired for salmon recovery Trend in native riparian communities in OWEB investment areas Numbers of acres protected, restored or enhanced Cubic feet of water conserved Diversion screens restored Water Quality Index? Water Quantity? Miles of riparian habitat protected, or enhanced in pilot watersheds Assessment consisting of aggregating road, vegetation, and in-channel data to assess the condition of 6th-field watersheds in an effort to describe the distribution of the condition of watersheds in the Northwest Forest Plan area. WQI--An index developed by the Washington Department of Ecology that utilizes dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, and turbidity. Data depends upon existing non-random ambient monitoring sites. % of stream miles monitored with improved water quality An index developed by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality that utilizes dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, and turbidity. Data depends upon existing nonrandom ambient monitoring sites except on the Oregon coast where sites are random. Acre-feet or water restored to Fish Passage Barriers? Predation? Hatchery? Harvest? Volunteers? Restoration Actions? Large Rivers Monitoring ???? streams. Inventory not complete, but major barriers are identified and tracked in GIS database. Compilation from state agencies and USFS. # of barriers and miles of habitat opened. Miles of stream accessed Annual predation rates and impact on juvenile salmonid survival Evaluate effectiveness of predator control programs. Hatchery operation reports % hatchery management plans meeting ESA criteria Number of ESA listed stocks meeting NOAA approved harvest goals % compliance rate with harvest rules Hours contributed by volunteers Amount and kinds of grants awarded by SRFB Forest Service projects % of matching funding from grants % of restoration actions that address restoration priorities