Download Population Ecology

Unit 2: Ecology
Content Outline: Population Ecology (2.2) - Part 1
I.
Population Ecology
A. ____________________ – this is the same species, at the same time, in the same place, and reproducing.
B. Density – this term refers to the _____________ of organisms in a given area.
C. ____________________ – this term refers to the pattern of organisms within a given area.
1. Clumped – this pattern results from a need for nutrients, water, or some other important items.
2. Uniform – this pattern results from territoriality or favorable environment.
3. Random – there is no apparent reason or pattern.
II. Demography - the study of population sizes and distribution.
A. ________________ – populations grow in number by birth or __________________ (going into an area).
B ________________ – populations decrease in number by death or __________________ (leaving an area).
C. Calculating percentage population change:
Percent change = change in population X 100 %
Total population size
III. Population Limiting Factors:
A. Resources – Examples: _________________________________________
1. As resources become scarce, competition rises and population numbers decrease.
B. Health Conditions - crowding and disease.
C. Predation by another species.
1. Predator-prey relationships
a. __________________ - organism killed and eaten by another organism.
b. __________________ - organism that eats all or part of another organism after killing it.
D. ______________________
1. This term refers to the largest population that an environment can support at any given time.
Unit 2: Ecology
Content Outline: Population Ecology (2.2) - Part 2
I.
Symbiosis
A. This is a close, long-term association between __________________________ species.
B. Types of symbiosis relationships:
1. ________________ – this is a relationship between two or more species in which both species benefit. (+, +)
For example, a butterfly and a Dandelion flower.
2. ___________________ – this is a relationship between two species where one species benefit and the other is
unaffected. (+, 0)
For example: sharks and remoras.
3. ___________________ – this is a relationship between two species in which one species (the parasite)
benefits and the other species (the host) is harmed. (+, -)
For example: deer and deer ticks.
II. Coevolution
A. The evolution of two species that is due to ______________________, often in a way that makes the relationship
more beneficial to both species.
For example, Flowers and their pollinators (bees, moths, and birds).