Download Orientation to Human Body PPT

Language of Anatomy
Section 1.7
Learner Outcome:
• To define and use the medical and
anatomical terms to describe the body and
its relative positions and structures.
Form Follows Function
• Anatomy is defined as the study of the
structures or forms of living things.
• Physiology is defined as the study of the
functions and vital processes of living
organisms.
Anatomical Terminology
• Terms that are used to describe the
location of parts, regions, and planes on
which the body can be sectioned.
• All anatomical terms are based on the
body being in anatomical position.
• Is anatomical position universal for all
animals?
Anatomical Terms
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Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Dorsal
Ventral
Medial
Lateral
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Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Intermediate
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Bilateral
Fig. 1.2
Body Regions
• Axial and appendicular portions.
• Axial (axis): head, neck, and trunk.
(Trunk: thorax, abdomen, and pelvis)
• Appendicular: limbs and their associated
girdles.
• Try: cephalic, cervical, brachial, antebrachial,
femoral, crural, gluteal, vertebral, umbilical,
coxal, pectoral, genital.
Fig. 1.3
Planes and Sections
• Invisible, imaginary plane cut through the
body to section it.
• Sagittal – verticle L and R
– Midsagittal and Parasagittal
• Frontal – vertical ant. and post.
• Transverse – horizontal
• Oblique - angle
Fig. 1.4
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Abdominopelvic Regions
Organization of the
Human Body
Section 1.6
Body Cavities and Subcavities
• The first divisions of the body that are made are: ventral
and dorsal.
• Dorsal cavities: Cranial (Brain) and Vertebral (Spinal
Cord).
• Ventral cavities: Thoracic (Heart & Lungs) and
Abdominopelvic: (Digestive, urinary and reproductive
organs).
• Other Cavities: Oral, Otic, Orbital, Nasal and Synovial
(Skeletal Joints)
Fig. 1.5a
Fig. 1.5b
Membranes
• Cavities and the organs (viscera) of the
cavities are lined with membranes. Why
do you think this is?
– Dorsal cavities: Cranial, vertebral.
• Dorsal membranes: meninges.
– Ventral cavities: Thoracic, abdominopelvic.
• Ventral membranes: pluera, pericardium,
peritoneum
Serous Membranes
• Visceral layer – inner layer, in contact with
the organ (viscera) itself.
• Parietal layer – the outer membrane.
• Serous fluid – viscous fluid found in the
cavity between the visceral and parietal
layers.
• Examples: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum.
• May have additional fibrous layers superficial
to the serous membranes.
TA p06
Pericardium
Pericardium and Pluera
Peritoneum of Abdominal
Organs
Think!!!
• What are the risks associated with a
serous fluid build up in relation to these
membranes?
• What are the risks associated with a lack
of serous fluid