Download Types of Radiation

Types of
Radiation
Radiation
types and Name Penetrating Identity Symbol Charge
Properties
Powers
Alpha Stopped by Helium 42He
+2
paper
Nucleus
(protons)
(low)
Beta
Stopped by electron 0-1e
-1
wood.
from
(med)
nucleus
gamma Slowed
energy
0
down by
wave
Lead
(high)
Nuclear
Rxn
Nuclear reaction: change the makeup of the nucleus
Chemical reaction: changes in the electrons in energy
levels.
Why
atoms
give off
radiation
atoms (nuclei) give off radiation to become stable.
Stable: low amts of p and n. 1:1 p:n is close
Unstable: too many p and n in nucleus and/or not a p:n
Transmutation: one element changes into another
Alpha
Decay
11
5B
 42He + 73Li
Mass # 11 = 4 + 7
atomic # 5 = 2 + 3
Beta
Decay
11
5B
 0-1e + 116C
Mass # 11 = 0 + 11
atomic # 5 = -1 + 6
Positron
Positron: a particle with mass of electron but has a
positive charge. It forms when a proton changes into a
neutron.
Symbol: 0+1e
Example: Oxygen-15
15
8O
 0+1e + 157N
Capture
what happens when uranium--238 captures a neutron?
Symbol for neutron:
1
238
92U
+
1
239
0n
92 U
235
92U
+
1
236
0n
92 U
Fission
0n
Fusion
Two small nuclei becoming 1 (on Sun)
2
1H
+ 31H  52He  42He + 10n + energy
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Nuclear_Fission_vs_Nuclear_Fusion
Comparison chart
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Definition:
Fission is the splitting of a large
atom into two or more smaller ones.
Fusion is the fusing of two or more
lighter atoms into a larger one.
Natural occurrence of
the process:
Fission reaction does not normally
occur in nature.
Fusion occurs in stars, such as the
sun.
Byproducts of the
reaction:
Fission produces many highly
radioactive particles.
Few radioactive particles are
produced by fusion reaction, but if a
fission "trigger" is used, radioactive
particles will result from that.
Conditions:
Critical mass of the substance and
high-speed neutrons are required.
High density, high temperature
environment is required.
EnergyRequirement:
Takes little energy to split two
atoms in a fission reaction.
Extremely high energy is required
to bring two or more protons close
enough that nuclear forces
overcome their electrostatic
repulsion.
Energy Released:
The energy released by fission is a
million times greater than that
released in chemical reactions, but
lower than the energy released by
nuclear fusion.
The energy released by fusion is
three to four times greater than the
energy released by fission.
Nuclear weapon:
One class of nuclear weapon is a
fission bomb, also known as an
atomic bomb or atom bomb.
One class of nuclear weapon is
thehydrogen bomb, which uses a
fission reaction to "trigger" a fusion
reaction.
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