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Classifying Rocks Notes Rocks form the earth’s ____________________ • 3 Characteristics are used for Identifying rocks: _____________________ Composition, _________________________, and Texture 1. Mineral Composition • Rocks are made of mixtures of _____________________________ and other materials. For example: Granite is made of quartz, feldspar, hornblende and mica. There are about __________ minerals that make up the earth’s crust and are known as _________________________________________ minerals 2. Color • Color provides clues to a rock’s mineral __________________________. • Granite is generally light colored that is high in silica. • Basalt is dark-colored that is low in silica • When identifying rocks, like minerals, color is just a starting point and tests done on minerals are also done on rocks. 3. Texture • Rocks are made of particles of minerals or other rocks called _________________________________. Grains give a rock texture. • Geologists use terms based on _____________________, shape, and ______________________________ of the grain to describe texture. Grain size: 1. _____________________________ or small like slate 2. _____________________________ or large like conglomerate 3. Some are even microscopic like flint. Grain Shape: 1. Grain shape can result from the shapes of the ________________________ that form the rock. OR 2. Grain shape may result from _____________________________of several rocks. Grain Pattern: 1. Grains in rock often form _______________________. Some lie in _______________________________ like stacks of pancakes. Others ________________________. Some have _________________of different colors like gneiss. 2. __________________________ - random pattern - Quartzite 3. ___________________________ - distinct pattern like Gneiss 3 Categories of Rocks There are 3 major rock groups based on color, texture, and mineral composition. 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___ IGNEOUS o Form from the _____________________________ of magma or lava. o Cooled Magma inside the earth is called _____________________________________ o Cooled Lava on earths surface is called _____________________________________ METAMORPHIC • Forms when an existing rock is changed by __________________, ________________________________ or chemical reactions. • Most metamorphic rock forms deep underground SEDIMENTARY • Mostly made up of pieces of other rocks called ______________________. • ______________________________________causes large rocks to break then the pieces are transported by ____________________________and deposited in a basin. • After a period of time they form rocks through processes of ____________________________________ and __________________________________