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Transcript
Modern Atomic Theory Section 4.3 Bohr’s Model of the atom • He focused on electrons • Gave electrons fixed orbitals • Arranged electrons into energy levels Bohr’s Model of the atom Electrons move in orbits Positive nucleus Energy Levels • If an atom gains or loses energy, the energy of an electron can change • Energy levels = all possible energies electrons can have • An electron CANNOT be between two energy levels This shows the energy levels of an atom 1st Energy Level 2nd Energy Level 3rd Energy Level Outer-most energy level = valence level Changing Energy Levels • If an electron GAINS energy, it can jump UP energy levels • If an electron LOSES energy, it can jump DOWN energy levels • The size of the jump determines the amount of energy lost or gained Evidence for Energy Levels • How do we know when electrons jump energy levels? • Amount of light absorbed / released tells the amount of energy gained / lost See an Electron Move • http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/qua ntumzone/bohr.html Light • When an atom gives off light, is it gaining or losing energy? – It is losing energy! • When an atom gives off light, are it’s electrons moving up or down energy levels? – They are moving down energy levels! The light spectrum Each color has a specific amount of energy associated with it Electron Cloud Model • This is our current atomic theory • It has mostly empty space • We can predict the PROBABILITY of electron location – Ex: Similar to fan blades at a specific time Atomic Orbitals • Orbital - region of space where electron is likely to be found • Each orbital can hold 2 electrons at most Energy Levels, Orbitals, and Electrons • Energy Level 1: – 1 orbital : max 2 electrons • Energy Level 2: – 4 orbitals : max 8 electrons • Energy Level 3: – 9 orbitals : max 18 electrons • There are more, but you will learn them in chemistry Count the number of electrons in each orbital Orbital 1 Orbital 2 Orbital 3 Electron Configurations • Arrangement of ALL electrons into orbitals • Most stable configuration has electrons in the lowest possible energy levels
