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What were the great democratic accomplishments of the ancient Greeks and Romans? The Ancient Greek Civilization was a period in Europe’s history, centered around the country of Greece › 1100 BC – 146 BC Saw the development of the world’s first “democracy” › “rule of the people” The Roman Republic was a period in Roman history neither a king or emperor ruled • 510 BC – 27 BC Period of great freedom for the people of Rome The Greek city-state of Athens “Direct democracy” › A government in which all citizens vote on a bill before it becomes a law The city of Rome was founded by brothers Romulus & Remus • Had a king • Formed a “republic” “Indirect democracy” • Citizens elect representatives to make the laws for them One (1) parts: • The Council of 500 = makes the laws • All male citizens voted on the laws to make them official Pericles (496 BC – 425 BC) › › General / Politician Helped to create the system of direct democracy in the citystate Pericles’ Funeral Oratory, delivered at the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC Socrates Plato (469 BC–399 BC) (427 BC-347 BC) The Death of Socrates Three (3) parts: 1. The Senate (300) Life-terms Wealthy citizens Created the laws 2. The Consuls (2) 3. 1-year terms Wealthy (Senate) Commanded the army The Assembly (100) Short terms Average citizens Voted on the laws The Roman Republic wrote down their basic rights in a constitution • The Law of the Twelve Tables (451 BC) Items addressed: • Civic procedures • Marriage / Family rights • Crime & Punishment A recasting of the Roman Twelve Tables in the Museum of Roman History in Rome, Italy cir. 2007 Athens was weakened by war • With other city-states • Invasion from Persia In the 300 BC, King Philip II of Macedon conquered Athens • Son = Alexander the Great Julius Caesar (100 BC- 44 BC) • Roman general / Senator • Forced the Senate to give him power for life Was murdered by unhappy Senators Caesar’s son, Augustus, executed the murders • Declared himself “emperor” • End of the Roman Republic Why are the Greeks and Romans so important to our democratic culture? Thought it’s been over 2,000 years, the Ancient Greek and Roman Civilization are still important today • The Ideals of Democracy Voting The Ideal of “direct” and “indirect” democracy • Different Branches of Government • Written Bill of Rights The Twelve Tables
