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The Islamic World Chapter 6 The World of Islam I can statements • I can: • Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including: » Geography » their artistic, scientific, technological, and economic features » diverse religious traditions of Islam — Sunni, Shi’a/Shi’ite, Sufi’s » It’s role as a cultural, political, and economic force in Afro-Eurasia » the caliphate as both a religious and political institution » religious and political opposition Who’s up first? • • • • Christians or Jews? Christians or Muslims Crusades or The split in the Christian Religion Fall of the Roman Empire or Beginning of Muslim Conquest • Constantine founds Constantinople or Islamic forces conquer Spain Asking questions before you read helps you read more effectively. Let’s practice…. After the domestication of the camel, the trade routes of the Arabs expanded. Communities prospered, but tension among rich and poor increased. Pg. 188 • Who were the Arabs? • How did the camel help trade expand? • Why did tension among the rich and poor increase? The revelations of Muhammad led to the creation of the Islamic religion. Pg. 189 • Who was Muhammad? • How and when did Muhammad create a religion? • What is the basis of the Islamic religion? Islam, like Christianity and Judaism, is a monotheistic religion. Islam is also both a set of religious beliefs and a way of life. Pg. 191 • How is Islam like Christianity and Judaism? • What are the religious beliefs of Islam? • How is Islam more than just a set of beliefs but a away of life? Growing trade and favorable geography allowed both urban and rural areas to flourish during the period of the Arab Empire. Pg. 200 • • • • What goods were traded and with whom? What was favorable about the geography? How did urban areas flourish? How did rural areas flourish? According to Islamic teaching, all groups are equal under the eyes of Allah. However, this was not strictly the case in the Arab world. Pg. 202 • What groups were not treated as equals in the Arab world? Islamic advancements in philosophy, science, and history contributed to the world’s knowledge. Pg. 204 • What advancements were made in philosophy? • What advancements were made in science? • What advancements in history contributed to the world’s knowledge? The Rubaiyat and the 1001 Nights are two major early Islamic works of literature that are still enjoyed today. Pg. 206 • What is the Rubaiyat and why is it significant? • What is the 1001 Nights and why is it significant? Muslim art and architecture reflect the spiritual glory of Islam. Pg. 207 • What is considered Muslim architecture and how does it reflect the spiritual glory of Islam? • What is considered Muslim art and how does it reflect the spiritual glory of Islam? After the domestication of the camel, the trade routes of the Arabs expanded. Communities prospered, but tension among rich and poor increased. Pg. 188 • Who were the Arabs? – nomads, Semitic-speaking people who lived on the Arabian Peninsula. They were polytheistic but their supreme God was Allah. They trace their ancestors to Abraham and worship the house that he built in Mecca called the Kaaba • How did the camel help trade expand? – they were good animals for the desert climate and allowed them to caravan goods between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Cities developed along the trade routes. • Why did tension among the rich and poor increase? – the wealthy merchants did not care about the poor The revelations of Muhammad led to the creation of the Islamic religion. Pg. 189 • Who was Muhammad? – Orphan born in Mecca grew up and became a caravan manager. He became the religious and political leader of Arab Islamic world. • How and when did Muhammad create a religion? – 600s AD he received the revelations of God from the angel Gabriel. He was a prophet just like Moses and Jesus and his revelations became the holy book of Islam, the Quran. He gained followers by preaching his word. • What is the basis of the Islamic religion? – Islam means “peace through submission,” there is only one God- Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. Islam, like Christianity and Judaism, is a monotheistic religion. Islam is also both a set of religious beliefs and a way of life. Pg. 191 • How is Islam like Christianity and Judaism? – Each have a holy book, believe in some of the same profits, one god, shared history, sacred sites, code for behavior • What are the religious beliefs of Islam? – 5 Pillars • 1. Belief • 2. Prayer 3. Charity 4. Fasting 5. Pilgrimage • How is Islam more than just a set of beliefs but a away of life? – Shari ah law – Following the 5 pillars is a life style Growing trade and favorable geography allowed both urban and rural areas to flourish during the period of the Arab Empire. Pg. 200 • What goods were traded? – Africa- gold, ivory, and slaves China- silk and porcelain Southeast Asia and India- spices and sandalwood • What was favorable about the geography? – It had good soils and was located at the crossroads of three continents • How did urban areas flourish? – Development of banking and coins made trade easier which led to build up of cities • How did rural areas flourish? – Many farmers throughout the empire were able to keep their way of life. According to Islamic teaching, all groups are equal under the eyes of Allah. However, this was not strictly the case in the Arab world. Pg. 202 • What groups were not treated as equals in the Arab world? – Slaves- not allowed to be Muslim they were purchased or won in battles – Women- this was more of an Arabic tradition than stated in the Quran Hijab Burka Chador Islamic advancements in philosophy, science, and history contributed to the world’s knowledge. Pg. 204 • What advancements were made in philosophy? – Translated ancient works from Greece and Rome, wrote commentaries on them • What advancements were made in science? – Numerical system, algebra, astrolabe made sea travel possible, Astronomy, the world is round • What advancements in history contributed to the world’s knowledge? – Historians recorded and kept books along with interpretations The Rubaiyat and the 1001 Nights are two major early Islamic works of literature that are still enjoyed today. Pg. 206 • What is the Rubaiyat and why is it significant? – Collection of poetry • What is the 1001 Nights and why is it significant? – Collection of folktales, fables, and romances Both were told orally before being written down and have influenced Arabic writers Muslim art and architecture reflect the spiritual glory of Islam. Pg. 207 • What is considered Muslim architecture and how does it reflect the spiritual glory of Islam? – Mosques, palaces/castles, pillars, minuets • What is considered Muslim art and how does it reflect the spiritual glory of Islam? – Arabic letters, natural plants, abstract figures, Arabesque (repeated geometric patterns) Main Idea: Islam grew under the rule of Muhammad’s successors, but there was constant tension over choosing who should run the empire. • Question 1- How were the successors to Muhammad chosen? • Question 2- How did Islam grow under the successors to Muhammad? • Question 3- Why was there tension over who should run the empire? Main Idea: Under the rule of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, the Islamic Empire made many conquests and experienced prosperity, but there were internal struggles that led to the division of the religious and political empire. • Question 1- Umayyad • Question 2- Abbasid • Question 3- Internal struggles led to division Main Idea: The divided Islamic Empire was weak and vulnerable to outside forces such as the Seljuk Turks, Christians, and Mongols. • Seljuk Turks • Christians • Mongols