Download final-project-nonverbal-communication

Final Project
By: Rachel A. Hoehn
Reflective Cycle
Definition:
The Reflective Cycle
demonstrates five phases of
Nonverbal Communication that
strengthens our understanding of
how people come to know
themselves better as
communicators, how they actively
change and improve their
communicative abilities, how they
affect another individuals’
communication, and finally, how
the entire process affected them
as a whole.
-The Nonverbal Self: Communication
for a Lifetime by Diana K. Ivy &
Shawn T. Wahl
-Chapter 2, Page26
Inventory
self
Reflect
Transact
with others
Change self
Inventory
others
Why is it Important to
Nonverbal
Communication?
Inventory
self
Reflect
Transact
with others
Change self
Inventory
others
The Reflective Cycle is important
to Nonverbal Communication
because it strengthens an
individuals’ understanding of the
thought process a person goes
through in a communicative
process as well as deepens our
understanding on how nonverbal
communication functions and to
improve our skills as a
communicator.
Phase 1: Inventory
Self
Definition of Stage:
•
•
•
The first stage of the Reflective
cycle deals greatly with the word
“reflexive” which is defined as
something that is accomplished
automatically rather than
purposefully.
Inventory of Self, then, takes note
of what our own nonverbal
behavior/how is like as we
communicate without/in
conjunction with words
This stage also deals with asking
others their perceptions/opinions
of who we are
Questions posed:
•
•
•
What nonverbal cues do I give off?
What is my eye contact like?
How do I dress?
Inventory
self
Reflect
Transact
with others
Change self
Inventory
others
Phase 2: Change
Self
Definition of Stage:
• Phase 2 deals with how we change
our nonverbal communication
based off of the inventory we
received about ourselves in Phase
1. We do this by evaluating our
positive and negative attributes
and working to strengthen those.
Questions posed:
• Is my eye contact strange?
• Do people enjoy my choice of
clothing?
• Are the nonverbal actions I give
off positive or negative to others?
Inventory
self
Reflect
Transact
with others
Change
self
Inventory
others
Phase 3:
Inventory Others
Definition of Stage:
• This stage deals with taking
inventory of others nonverbal
behavior, or understanding cues
at a more microscopic level
Questions Posed:
• Asking others: what do you think
of this person’s behavior?
• Does this person have good eye
contact?
• Does this person enjoy my outfit
choice today?
Inventory
self
Reflect
Transact
with others
Change
self
Inventory
others
Phase 4: Transact With
Others
Definition of Stage:
• In this stage, we interact with
others and simultaneously and
mutually affect one another’s
nonverbal behavior. This stage
allows us to grow, learn, and
evolve our nonverbal
communication behavior.
Questions Posed:
• Asking yourself: are my efforts
to speak up more working on
this individual that enjoys it?
• **Essentially, you are trying
to leave a positive impact on
the individual you are having
an interaction with
Inventory
self
Reflect
Transact
with others
Change
self
Inventory
others
Phase 5: Reflect, Asses,
and Re-Inventory Self
Definition of Stage:
• This stage deals with assessing and
reflecting on the entire cycle and our
process for understanding our
nonverbal behavior and the behavior
of others.
Questions Posed:
• Why did I want to change myself?
• What did I change about myself?
• What did I notice about my
interactions with others?
• How did transacting with others
change my nonverbal behavior?
• What is the outcome now that all
is said and done?
Inventory
self
Reflect
Transact
with others
Change self
Inventory
others
My Dream
 I want to be a respected employee of a University.
Specifically, I would like to focus my employment
within Student Affairs where I would work with
students, run student organizations, and plan
events that students from the University will benefit
from. My goal to obtain this profession will be to
gain respect from students that sometimes I do not
gain everyday because I come across as too happy
and not serious, I am short, and I have a highpitched voice. By changing my non-verbal cues I
will gain further respect from these college students
and, finally, achieve authority over them.
What Nonverbal
Cues
I Want to Improve:
 To achieve my goal of being a successful Student
Affairs Director at a University I will need to
improve these Nonverbal Cues:




Physical Appearance
Facial Expressions
Vocalics
Kinesics
Physical
Appearance
 Explanation; this concept is meant to… describe the way
in which our bodies and overall appearance nonverbally
communicate to others and impact our view of ourselves
in everyday life.
 Why is it important? What’s it’s purpose?
 Physical appearance constitutes the way in which a
person views themselves and the amount of mental
energy they put into their appearance; a person’s
physical appearance forms a lot of impressions to other
people about what this person is like, their interests,
their lifestyle, etc.
 Physical Appearance is Chapter 5 within the textbook and can be
found between pages 128- 171.
Physical Appearance
Sub-Concepts
 Decoration: how we decorate our body for
celebrations and special occasions
 Protection: how we use clothing to protect our body
from intrusion or harm
 Sexual Attraction: ways that clothing helps draw
sexual attention from others
 Concealment: how clothing helps draw sexual
attention from others
Physical Appearance
Sub-Concepts (cont.)
 Group Identification: clothing that allows us to
communicate or celebrate a group we identify with
or connect to
 Persuasion: ways that clothing influences others’
behavior
 Status: how clothing communicates social and
professional class
 Homophily: perceived similarity in people’s
appearance, background, and attitudes that benefits
relationships
Physical Appearance:
Reflective Cycle
How I Act
Now
How I
Want to
Change
How
Effective
Successfu Changes I
l People
Can Make
Act
How This
Chance
Contributes
to Me
Achieving My
Dream
Currently, I
am a student
so I dress very
casually
everyday:
usually a tshirt, jeans,
and tennis
shoes and my
hair is up.
I want to
appear
professional
and businesslike so that
students can
tell I am a
worker of the
University.
Respected
Student
Affairs
workers wear
business-like
clothing that
flatter and
convey power.
Including
collared shirts,
business suits,
and dress
This change of
appearance
distinguishes a
difference
between
myself and
students of a
University
giving me
status and
power.
I would like to
appear
professional. I
can wear more
business-like
clothing
including
dress-pants,
heels, and a
nice top.
Facial Expression
 Explanation; this concept is meant to… explain the
facial and eye behaviors influence the perceptions we
have of other’s emotions, attitudes, and desires
 Why is it important? What’s it’s purpose?
 Facial expressions are extremely important because they
describe the nonverbal communication of a person: how
they are feeling, their perceptions of things, and their
desires. It’s purpose is to display how our
 Pages from the textbook this concept is found: Chapter 7;
pages 202-244
Facial Expression
Sub-Concepts
 Facework: a set of coordinated practices in which
communicators build, maintain, protect, or threaten
personal dignity, honor, and disrespect
 Facial Action Coding System (FACS): a research
coding system that examines the face in three
regions: eyebrows and forehead; eyes and eyelids;
and lower face
 Facial Modification: more permanent methods of
changing the face
Facial Expression
Sub-Concepts
 Oculesics: the study of eye behavior including eye
contact, eye movement, and other functions of the
eye
 Eye Modification: permanent or temporary methods
of changing the eyes
 Involvement: a need to interact with other people,
even though a simple acknowledgement of eye
contact or a head not
Facial Expression:
Reflective Cycle
How I Act
Now
How I
Want to
Change
How
Effective
Successfu Changes I
l People
Can Make
Act
How This
Change
Contributes
to Me
Achieving My
Dream
Currently, I
am always
seen with a
smile on my
face and my
eyes are
always wide
and engaging
to people in
conversation
I would like to
appear more
serious and
professionallike by smiling
less and
showing
concern more.
According to the
textbook,
“masking”
involves
concealing
expressions and
replacing them
with emotions
relevant to the
situation. People
in professional
situations tend to
have more serious
faces to be taken
more seriously.
This change will
cause people to
see me in a
different light—
by smiling less,
people will view
me more
professionally
and more
serious…
creating a
distinction
between staff
I would like to
make an
effective
changes of
smiling
less/laughing
less and have a
serious face so
that people
will take me
more
professionally
Vocalics
 Explanation; this concept is meant to… explain how
people express themselves through their voices.
 Why is it important? What’s it’s purpose?
 Vocalics is important in Nonverbal Communication
because it describes and detects the physical,
emotional, and attitudinal states through which a
person is going through; further helping us
understand how they communicate to other people
through their use of voice and sound.
 Pages from the textbook this concept is found: pages
283-318
Vocalics
Sub-Concepts
 Tone of Voice (Prosody): all of the qualities that the
human voice can produce and manipulate
 Vocal Properties: aspects of the voice that can be
purposefully altered to create meaning
 Pitch: falling or rising tone heard in the voice
 Fundamental Frequency: most comfortable or oftenused pitch of the voice
 Intonation: patterns of pitch
Vocalics
Sub-Concepts
 Vocal Variety (Inflection): varying the pitches used in
speaking
 Rate (Tempo): pace at which sounds are uttered
 Synchrony: when people’s nonverbal cues mirror
one another
 Volume (Intensity): softness or loudness of voice
 Accenting: the use of nonverbal cues to emphasize
or draw special attention to a verbal message
Vocalics:
Reflective Cycle
How I Act
Now
How I
Want to
Change
How
Effective
Successfu Changes I
l People
Can Make
Act
How This
Change
Contributes
to Me
Achieving My
Dream
Currently, my
vocals are very
high-pitched
and sometimes
I talk rather
fast which is
difficult for
people to
understand.
I would like to
lower the tone
of my voice so
that I am
viewed as
being more
serious and
having more
power; as well
as talking
slower.
The book talks
about how
successful
people are
viewed as
having lowerpitched voices,
good
fluctuation,
and a slow,
consistent
speaking rate.
By having a
lower pitched
voice I will be
viewed as more
serious, more
powerful, and I
will have status
in my job
position.
Talking slower
will help so that
people will
understand me
I would like to
work on
making my
voice seem
more serious
by lowering
it’s tone a little
bit as well as
talking slower
so that people
can
understand
Kinesics
 Explanation; this concept is meant to… explain the
study of human movement, gestures, and posture
 Why is it important? What’s it’s purpose?
 Kinesics is important because it explains how a
person’s movement, gestures, and posture
communicates their nonverbal behavior and what
their attitudes and emotions portray through their
motions.
 Pages from the textbook this concept is found: pages
172-201
Kinesics
Sub-Concepts
 Immediacy: degree of perceived physical or
psychological closeness between people
 Relaxation: backward lean of the body , asymmetric
positioning, rocking movements, and reduced
tension in the body
 Inclusiveness/Noninclusiveness: degree to which a
person’s body posture includes or excludes one
person, relative to other people
Kinesics
Sub-Concepts
 Face-to-Face Parallel: degree to which two people
face each other directly versus at each other’s sides,
with their shoulders in a line (a parallel position)
 Emblems: behaviors that have specific, generally
understood meaning
 Illustrators: cues that accompany verbal messages
and provide meaning
 Affect Displays: expressions of emotion
Kinesics:
Reflective Cycle
How I Act
Now
How I
Want to
Change
How
Effective
Successfu Changes I
l People
Can Make
Act
How This
Change
Contributes
to Me
Achieving My
Dream
Currently, my
body is not
completely
relaxed. I tend
to have a lot of
energy: my
body rocks
back and forth
a lot and I
can’t stand
I would like to
have a more
relaxed body;
professional,
tall posture
and an
inclusive body
posture.
According to
the book,
successful
people have
an inclusive,
upright
posture with a
relaxed
energy.
Making these
changes will
force me to be
more caring
and relaxed as
a Student
Affairs
Director as
well as more
well-respected
To be
successful in
Student
Affairs, I need
to control my
energy that
correlates to
my kinesics by
not rocking
my body back