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Circulatory System Functions of Circulatory System • Carries oxygen to all cells and removes carbon dioxide • Carries waste products of cell activity to kidneys to be removed • Transports nutrients from the digestive system to all cells • Carries materials that fight infections and heal wounds Components of Blood • • • • Plasma Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Plasma • Liquid part of blood • Composed of water and nutrients • Contains electrolytes – Electrolytes: chemicals that allow cells to maintain the correct electrical voltage (ex: nerve impulses) Red Blood Cells • Most numerous blood cells • Tiny, flexible cells (allows them to fit through capillaries) • No nucleus • Contains hemoglobin Hemoglobin • Hemoglobin contains iron & carries oxygen in the blood White Blood Cells • Fight infection Platelets • Small cell fragments that clot the blood when there are cuts and scrapes 3 types of Blood Vessels • Arteries • Veins • capillaries Arteries • Carry blood away from the heart • Arteries branch into smaller vessels, known as arterioles • Arteries have thick walls because the blood is pumped with strong pressure from the heart Veins • Carry blood from the body tissues back to the heart • Smallest veins are venules • Deoxygenated blood is not under much pressure, so veins have thinner walls than arteries Capillaries • Smallest blood vessels • One cell thick • This is the location of exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, and other nutrients • Arterioles and venules meet at the capillaries Heart • Made of cardiac muscle • Located under the rib cage Cardiac Muscle • Muscle that contracts without nerve stimulation Pacemakers • Special cells in the heart that control the electrical system of the heart • Cause the heart to beat by electrical signals • 2 areas: – Sinoatrial node – Atrioventricular node Heart Chambers • The human heart has 4 chambers – 2 small atria: right atrium & left atrium – 2 large ventricles: right ventricle & left ventricle Valves • Valves allow blood to flow in one direction only Tricuspid valve • separates the right atrium & right ventricle Mitral valve • separates the left atrium & the left ventricle Aortic valve: • between left ventricle & aorta Pulmonary valve • between the right ventricle & pulmonary artery Pericardium • a double walled sac filled with fluid that protects the heart Vena Cava • Superior Vena Cava – The higher vein that brings blood from the head, neck, and arms to return to the heart • Inferior Vena Cava – The lower vein that brings blood From the rest of the body to the heart Pulmonary artery • This artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Pulmonary vein • This vein brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Aorta • This is the largest artery in the body • It has strong muscular walls to withstand the high pressure with which the left ventricle pumps the blood Pulmonary Circulation • The circulation system that takes blood from your heart to your lungs and back to your heart Systemic Circulation • The circulation that takes blood from your heart to your body and back to your heart