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Theory of Evolution-Evolution
o What is the Theory of Evolution?
• _________________ is the change in a population over time
• Scientific theory that all organisms share a common __________________.
o List 5 pieces of evidence and explain how it supports the Theory of Evolution.
1. ________________ Evidence
a. ______________ Structures
b. Analogous Structures
c. Vestigial Structures
2. Fossil Evidence
3. _____________ Evidence
4. Embryological Evidence
5. _____________ Selection
Natural Selection-Evolution
o What conditions must be present for natural selection to result in a difference in reproductive
success?
1. Over _______________ of offspring (lots of babies)
2. Offspring have variation in traits
3. Some traits are better suited to the _________________ than others (struggle to
survive/competition)
4. Organisms with better traits survive and __________________
o How do mechanisms like genetic drift, gene flow and nonrandom mating result in evolutionary
change?
 ____________________- Random event that could happen regardless of how “good” your
genes are.
 Ex: Stepping on an ant
 ____________________- Immigration/Emigration; movement of genes to a new population
 __________________ mating- Decreases genetic variation= less chance of surviving an
environmental change.
o How do mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation?
•
___________________ and genetic recombination increase genetic variation because they create
new ________ sequences and combination
Origin of Life-Evolution
o How have hominids changed from through evolution from early ancestors to modern humans?
• ____________ has increased in size.
• Jaw has gotten __________________.
• Use of ___________, fire, and creation of a complex _________________.
o What evidence do we use to show this change?
 Fossil evidence and DNA evidence
o How do scientists explain the origin of life on earth?
 ____________________ is the theory that life started from _____________________.
 The __________________ experiment showed that organic molecules could be created from
chemicals in early Earth’s atmosphere. After these
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
o What situations and conditions contributed to the origin of life on earth?
 Early earth had ammonia, water vapor, methane, and _______________________.
o ______________________ molecules were present.
o It was hot and had a lot of ____________________.
According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than
modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength,
and speed in horses?
A. commensalism
B. inbreeding
C. migration
D. evolution by natural selection
Important vocabulary
Analogous structure
Ancestor
Biogeography
Candidate fossil
Common ancestor
Descendant
Embryology
Endosymbiotic Theory
Evolution
Fossil
Hominid
Homologous structure
Vestigial structure
The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms. Which of the following can be determined by observing
the embryos shown in the diagram?
A. The organisms share a common ancestry.
B. The organisms belong to the same genus.
C. The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
D. The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.
How do mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation?
___________________ and genetic recombination increase genetic variation because they create new ________
sequences and combination
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic
drift probably affect this population?
A. It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.
B. It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.
C. It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits.
D. It will reduce genetic diversity.
Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?
A. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
B. A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.
C. A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes.
D. The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.