Download Pronouns

CASE OF PRONOUNS
Case is the form a noun/pronoun takes to indicate
its use in a sentence.
English-> 3 cases: nominative, objective, & possessive
The form of the noun is the same for nominative & objective case.
The student gave her speech
Objective case
(indirect object)
Nominative
Case (subject)
Give the student your attention.
CASE OF PRONOUNS
Usually adding ‘s to most singular nouns
I enjoyed the
student’s snack.
‘
to most plural nouns
I enjoyed the students’ snacks.
NOMINATIVE CASE PRONOUNS
15a: The
subject of
the verb is
in the
nominative
case.
I organized the file cabinets.
I is the subject of organized.
Ava and she raked leaves.
Ava and she is the compound subject of raked
They saw that we worked hard on the project.
They is the subject of saw
& we is the subject of worked
TIP: pronoun in a compound subject try it as a single subject to identify the proper pronoun
NOMINATIVE CASE PRONOUNS
15b: A predicate nominative is in
the nominative case.
predicate nominative is a noun/pronoun that follows a linking verb
& identifies or explains the subject of the sentence.
A pronoun used as a predicate nominative always follows
a form of the verb be OR a verb phrase ending in be or been.
The coach of the team is she.
She: follows the linking verb is
Identifies the subject coach
The fastest worker has been he.
He follows the linking verb has been
Identifies the subject worker
The third place winners were he and I.
He and I follow the linking verb were
Indentifies the subject winners
Due Now questions 1-5 for
Exercise 2: Using Personal
Pronouns As Subjects And
Predicate Nominatives
OBJECTIVE CASE PRONOUNS
15c a direct object and an indirect object that
receives the action of the verb of shows the
result of the action
Her tells whom the
The letter made her happy.
letter made happy.
It tells what
Lacey reported it to the police. Lacey
reported.
Direct object: a noun/pronoun
receiving the action of the verb OR
shows the result of the action
Indirect Object: noun/pronoun tells
to whom of for whom OR to what or for what
the action of the verb is done.
Mr. Gamble told them a wonderful story.
Them tells to whom Mr. Gamble
told a wonderful story.
Him tells for whom
Josh brought a map.
Josh brought him a map to the stadium.
15 d: Object of a preposition is in the objective case
A noun/pronoun used as an object of a
preposition comes at the end of a phrase that
begins with the preposition
Next
Beside you and
With her
to me
me
Homework: finish exercise 4 and do exercise 1
Possessive Case Pronouns
15e: the possessive pronouns mine, yours, his, hers,
its, ours, and theirs are used in the same ways that the
pronouns in the nominative and objective case are
used.
SUBJECTIVE: Your book and mine are getting worn.
Pred. Nom.:
That bicycle is his.
I.O.
D.O. I cleaned theirs first. Please give ours a try.
Object
Did
I
put
my
coat
under
yours?
of Prep
Possessive Case Pronouns
15 f: the possessive pronouns my, yours, his, her, its, our, and there
are used as adjectives before the nouns
My hat is ripping.
His water is boiling.
15g. A noun or pronoun preceding a gerund is in the possessive case.
A gerund a verb form ending in –ing and functions as a noun.
The noun or pronoun that comes before the gerund must be in the
possessive case.
Do now: exercise 5
Special Pronoun Problems
15 h: pronouns used as appositives should be in the
same case as the word they refer to.
Appositive: noun/pronoun used with another noun /pronoun
to identify or explain it
Nominative
case
Apposition with the
subject captains
The captains, he or she, should introduce the players
15I: A pronoun following than or
as in an elliptical construction is
in the same case as it would be if
the construction were completed.
Elliptical construction is a clause from which
words have been omitted
Chad was much more careful on the ice than she. elliptical
Chad was much more careful on the ice than she
completed
was.
15j a pronoun ending in –self or –selves should not be
used in place of a simple personal pronoun
Wally and myself decorated the gym. NONSTANDARD
Wally and I decorated the gym.
Do now exercise 6
girls even
boys odd
STANDARD
Who and Whom
Who (whoever) three case
forms
NOMINATIVE: who
whoever
OBJECTIVE: whom
POSSESSIVE: whose
whosever
15k: Interrogative pronouns
when they are used to form a
question
whomever
15k: Interrogative pronouns
when they are used to form a
question
Depends on its use in
the sentence
Who is used as the subject or
predict nominative
When they are
used to introduce
subordinate
clauses, they are
relative pronouns
Whom is used as
an object of a
verb or
preposition
Do
now:
exercise
7
Who wants to see the show?
TIP: who = he
Whom =him
With whom did you jog?
Who is the subject of the
verb wants.
Whom is the object of
the preposition with?
AMBIGUOUS REFERENCE
A pronoun has no definite meaning in itself
Its meaning is only clear when the reader knows
what word it stands for = ANTECEDENT
After Bonny sang the aria, the audience applauded her.
Our friends asked the Gores if they could show them a map
Our friends asked if the Gores could show them a map.
Our friends asked if they could show the map to the Gores.
AVOID GENERAL REFERENCE
The pronoun refers to a general idea rather than a
specific noun.
Usual general reference
pronouns: it, this, that,
which, and such
Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar. The judges
awarded him first prize in the talent show for this.
Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar. The judges
awarded him first prize in the talent show for his
many talents.
Because Nick could sing, dance, and play guitar, the
judges awarded him first prize in the talent show.
The nominative case is the case used for a noun
or pronoun which is the subject of a verb.
Nominative
predicate